摘要
分散控制系统(DCS)是确保工业生产安全可靠运行的神经中枢、运行中心和安全屏障不可或缺的重要组成部分。传统DCS以客户机/服务器、多级分层架构为基础,导致系统的集成依赖于复杂的中间件和通信机制,降低了系统的可靠性及安全性。而采用面向对象和嵌入式服务的设计理念,实现控制系统结构的扁平化、功能的分散,已经成为当代控制系统技术的发展方向。对等网络技术是实现控制系统数据服务分散、实现面向对象设计的关键技术。论文研究了基于对等网络(P2P)架构的新型控制系统及其资源管理方式、名字服务的资源定位等关键技术,以及在新架构下系统与网络的故障模式、故障影响等,这些关键技术的研究和应用提高了新型控制系统的可靠性及安全性。论文研究对于自主研制的自动化控制系统在我国核电、轨道交通、大型石油化工、火电等支柱产业的应用,具有重大的现实意义和学术价值。本文具体研究内容包括:
1.针对基于C/S架构的控制系统存在的缺点,提出了基于对等网络架构的新型控制系统,对基于对等网络架构的控制系统的工作原理、通信机制进行了研究。通过与基于C/S架构的控制系统的对比,从可靠性、通信负荷、网络延迟、系统构建与维护、系统成本等方面分析基于对等网络架构的控制系统的优势及在新型控制系统研制中应关注的实时性、可靠性、安全性和资源管理机制等主要问题。
2.针对控制系统应用中严格的实时性要求和高可靠、高安全性要求,研究了基于对等网络架构的控制系统的资源管理机制,提出了面向服务的SMCP名字服务模型和两级哈希表查找算法的资源搜索机制,能够高效、快速、安全的对控制系统数据资源进行管理和定位。
3.针对基于对等网络架构的控制系统中的资源共享问题,研究了系统网络上位号资源库的分发机制,提出了资源库分块共享算法(TDBS),在实现控制系统资源共享的同时,既提高了系统的安全性,又提升了系统的可维护性。
4.针对控制系统的故障模式和故障诊断问题,提出了基于模糊有色Petri网的对等网络控制系统的故障安全验证方法。在分析基于对等网络架构控制系统故障模式的基础上,通过智能推理,准确、有效地发现控制系统故障传播的关键路径,定位系统薄弱环节,从而为提高系统的可靠性奠定基础。
5.在前述章节理论研究的基础上,研制了基于对等网络架构的新型控制系统—SUPMAX分散控制系统。通过第三方功能性能测试、工程验证,证明基于对等网络架构的新型控制系统在实时性、安全性、灵活性等方面均优于基于C/S架构的控制系统。
基于对等网络架构的新型控制系统—SUPMAX分散控制系统在实际的工程项目中得到了成功应用,表明了本文提出的方法以及所研制的新型控制系统的可行性和有效性。
It is widely recognized now that digital control system is an important facility nec-essary to industrial process for guaranteeing safe and reliable operation. Based on the socalled client/server structure and multi-level network architecture, the sophisticated mid-ware and data link are widely used in the existing distributed control system (DCS), whichmay degrade the reliability and safety of the system. In this decade, the design philoso-phy, such as object oriented and server embedded, pops up and makes the functionalityof DCS upgrade. With such philosophy, the infrastructure of DCS is getting more ?at,and its functionality more distributed. Specially, the peer to peer (P2P) network supportssuch kind of design methodology. This work focuses the techniques coming out of theDCS based on P2P networks. Especially, the implementation technique, failure modesand their effects on safety and reliability of the system are considered. The newly de-veloped DCS based on the techniques proposed well demonstrates the design matchingthe goal. Needless to say, successfully development of the control facility will improvethe applicability of the native DCS products to the safety important industrial processes,nuclear power plant, large scale petrochemical industry, for examples. The contributionsof the work are listed as following.
1. It is known that the traditional control systems based on client/server (C/S) archi-tecture are getting to face some bottlenecks for improving their real-time, reliabilityand safety. This work proposes a new methodology based on the so called peer-to-peer (P2P) to construct the digital control system, which makes the structure of thesystem more ?at and distributed. In this work, the principle and communicationmechanism of the control system based on P2P are explored. Especially, compar-ing with the traditional control systems based on C/S structure, the proposed onedemonstrates high qualities on reliability, link load and delay, maintainability andcost-efficiency.
2. Considering the issues mentioned above, network resource management strategyfor the control system developed is set up. In this work, the searching mechanismbased on the name service and two-level Harsh searching algorithm is proposed.Site applications well illustrated the efficiency, realness and safety of the controlproposed.
3. The despatching mechanism for tag-list resource on the network is set up to enableresource sharing in the control system. Especially, the block sharing algorithm of resource library (TDBS) is proposed to improve the safety and maintainability ofthe system.
4. Based on exploring the failure mode of the control system developed, based on thefuzzy colored Petri net, a method for verifying fail-safe of the peer-to-peer controlsystem is proposed. Through analyzing the failure mode and intelligent reasoning,some critical routing of the failure propagation in the control systems is detectedcorrectly and effectively. Therefore, the weakness of the control systems could befound out and the innovative approach could be adopted correspondingly.
5. A new type control system based on peer-to-peer architecture, named as SUPMAX,is developed and tested. It is well proven that this new type control system based onthe P2P architecture has some nice features over the ones based on C/S architecture,including real-time performance, operating safety, maintenance convenience andetc..
The site application of the SUPMAX control system well demonstrated the feasibil-ity of the methodology based on P2P network to upgrade the control systems for safetyimportant industrial.
引文
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