摘要
外包，这个在中国IT领域中越来越重要的名词，涉及了软件外包，计算机服务外包，离岸外包等各种名词。
本文通过对大量二手资料进行研究、分析并通过对国内几家十分有特色的提供计算机服务外包的厂商进行访谈、交流这种实证调研的方法进行了研究。对所研究问题进行了定性的研究。访谈对象包括了IBM，东软，ACHIEVO，大唐电信这几个很有代表性的公司。
本文定义了计算机服务外包的概念，并简单回顾了计算机服务外包发展的历史。在研究了目前计算机服务外包领域的现状后，针对中国目前的基础提出了离岸外包的定位。并提出全球离岸外包发展的趋势将会形成以中国、印度为中心的两大全球离岸外包基地的格局。
结合离岸外包行业的发展与中国目前的国际市场开拓能力、大型项目管理能力、大型项目实现能力等多方面因素，提出了合作的战略发展方向。
同时对中国进行计算机服务外包的关键成功因素进行了研究。国际市场开拓能力、项目管理、技术满足能力形成了“木桶理论”必要的组成部分，且任何一项都不能轻视，要均衡发展，才能不断的壮大。而完善的培训机制则为企业长远发展奠定了坚实的基础。
对中国进行计算机外包服务的商业模式进行了研究，提出了以跨国大公司为龙头，面向大规模的外包业务；国内大型软件公司、合资公司、大规模创业公司、外商独资企业等为坚实的外包领域服务提供商，面向众多中等规模的外包业务；并且有其他各类创业公司、软件公司作为外包领域中不可缺少的部分，面向一些较小外包业务的发展格局。并提出了中国进行计算机服务三种合理的商业模式，一是大型跨国公司的全球离岸外包战略中心模式，二是离岸外包与在岸服务相结合的外包模式，三是单独提供离岸外包服务的模式。并对这三种商业模式从定义、适用对象、合理性、案例多方面进行了论述。
Outsourcing has become more and more popular and important in Chinese IT fields. It includes software outsourcing, computer service outsourcing, offshore outsourcing etc.
The author collects and analyzes a great quantity of second hand information and some first hand information acquired by interviewing some representative IT outsourcing firms including IBM，Neusoft，ACHIEVO and DaTang Telecom. The research belongs to a qualitative analysis.
In this thesis the author gives the definition of computer service outsourcing and introduces the developing history as well. After studying the current worldwide situation, an offshore outsourcing positioning strategy is recommended based on Chinese IT characteristics. The author also predicts that China and India will become the centers of global offshore outsourcing.
Due to Chinese companies’ international marketing, managing and implementing capability for big projects, cooperative strategy is currently suitable for China.
At the same time, the key factors of successful outsourcing are studied. International market expansion ability, project management and technical skills are the important parts for cask theory and every part should be paid enough attention to. However a good and satisfactory training mechanism is also essential for the long-term development of corporations.
The three business models are proposed and showing the structure of offshore outsourcing in China.
引文
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 译自 Worldwide IT Services Market Definitions, 1Q03 Gartner Dataquest Guide
[6] Patrick Thibodeau and Sumner Lemon MARCH 01, 2004 (COMPUTERWORLD)
[7] Julia King ，IT's Global Itinerary: Offshore Outsourcing Is Inevitable，News Story by SEPTEMBER 15, 2003 (COMPUTERWORLD)
[8]Outsourcing Backlash: Globalization in the Knowledge
[9]Scarlet Pruitt Survey，MARCH 24, 2004 (IDG NEWS SERVICE)
[10]The Attraction of a Cheap Passage to India，Global Investor ，vno161 p38-9 Ap 2003
[11][18]Jaikumar Vijayan， India Inc., Still Going Strong，SEPTEMBER 15, 2003 (COMPUTERWORLD)
[13] Jaikumar Vijayan， India Inc., Still Going Strong，SEPTEMBER 15, 2003 (COMPUTERWORLD)
[12][14] Steve Ulfelder，China: Low-level work at lower-than-average cost，SEPTEMBER 15, 2003 (COMPUTERWORLD)
[15] Robert De Souza ? Eric Goodness ? Allie Young ? Ron Silliman ? Bruce M. Caldwell ， IT Outsourcing Market Forecast: Worldwide, 2002-2007 ， 9 March 2004
[16]ZDNET Gartner：中国将赶上印度成为另一个IT外包中心
[17] 马颂德， 国内的软件产业——兼谈CEPA对软件产业发展所蕴涵的机遇，香港 2003年九月
[19] India: On the downswing of software outsourcing，Financial Times Information Limited Jan 13, 2003
[20] 刘积仁，全球化下的中国人力资源战略，中外管理
[21] 来源于教育部网站数据统计。
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