摘要
本文主要是研究了红蜡蚧的部分形态学、生物学特性、红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂的部分形态学、生物学特性。研究结果如下：
不同寄主植物对红蜡蚧的影响：取食不同的寄主植物对红蜡蚧的影响是明显的，对红蜡蚧介壳特征以及若虫孵化量的影响主要是受本代寄主植物的影响，与上代红蜡蚧所取食的寄主植物无关，对红蜡蚧虫体特征的影响，既受到本代红蜡蚧取食的寄主植物的影响，又受到上代寄主植物的影响，不同的寄主植物对红蜡蚧的这种影响而造成的差异并不是非常稳定的。
选用寄生红蜡蚧的扁角跳小蜂属(Anicetus)6个种的14个形态特征和2个其它生物学特征(寄主种数和是否寄生软蚧)作为内群性状，以柯氏花翅跳小蜂(Microterys clauseni)作为外群，运用PAUP(version 4.0b10)程序做了支序分析。所得到的支序树状图有如下参数：树长为L=28；一致性指数为CI=0.6786；稳定性指数为RI=0.4375。这6种寄生红蜡蚧的扁角跳小蜂，其亲缘关系可以表示为：(A．annulatus，((A．rubensi，(A．beneficus，A．rarisetus))，(A．howardi，A．ohgushii)))。
不同寄主植物上蜂的超微结构研究：不同寄主植物来源的红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂的雄外生殖器的产卵管的形状存在一定的差异，柑桔和枸骨上的蜂，其阳茎形状相似，均是基部明显比端部宽，生殖器的腹侧突的尖端齿状突差别比较大。触角上以及中足胫节末端和跗节上的感受器类型都一样，触角上具有6种感受器：毛形感受器，板形感受器，刺形感受器，椎形感受器，柱形感受器和钟形感受器。中足胫节末端和跗节上有三种感受器：锥形感受器，刺形感觉器和毛形感受器。不同的只是数目上的差别。
红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂的发育起点温度和有效积温：在卵到蛹的发育过程中，发育起点温度为5.1℃，完成整个发育历程需要有效积温1000.0日度。在红蜡蚧扁
角跳小蜂的各个虫态中，幼虫的发育起点温度最低，为3.52℃，蛹的发育起点温
度最高，为9.8℃。蛹完成发育需要的有效积温最少，为163.9日度，幼虫完成
发育需要的有效积温最多为476.2日度。
红蜡蚊扁角跳小蜂对不同形状的红蜡蛤以及不同寄主植物来源的红蜡蚊的
产卵选择性:对不同形状的红蜡蛤的产卵选择性差异不明显，但对不同寄主植物
来源的红蜡蛤的选择性表现出明显的差异，其中，对构骨红蜡蚊的选择明显多，
总次数为23次，对构桔红蜡蚊的选择性明显少，总次数仅仅为3次。
不同寄主植物来源的以及不同地域的红蜡蚊扁角跳小蜂的酷酶同工酶的比
较:电泳结果显示，不同的处理均未出现特征酶带，不同处理在酶带数、相对迁
移率等方面差异基本不大，所不同的只是酶带颜色的深浅，因此可以判定亲缘关
系是非常近的。
The morphology and biology of Ceroplastes rubens Masskell (Homoptera: Coccidae) from different plants were studied. We also studied the Anicetus beneficus Ishii et Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Phylogenetic, morphology and biology.
The relationship between Ceroplastes rubens and plants: Both the last generation and present generation affencted charachaters of surface. However, the size of scale and numbers of nymphae just rely on the present generation. The difference from different plants were not perpetual.
A Cladistic analysis of phytogeny among six Anicetus species parasitic on pink wax scales: Fourteen morphological characters and other two traits (the number of hosts, and whether or not parasitic in soft scales) were selected as characters of in-group, those of Microterys clauseni as out-group, a cladistic analyses of phylogenetic relationship among six Anicetus species parasitic on pink wax scales was made with PAUP(version 4.0b 10). This analyses resulted in a tree of, that is, A. annulatus, ((A. rubensi, (A. beneficus, A. rarisetus)), (A. howardi.A. ohgushii))). It has following parameters: length=28, consistency indices=0.6786, retention indices=0.4375. That Aannulatus is far away from other 5 species is in keeping with the traditional observation of taxonomy.
Comparative study on ultrastructure of A. beneficus from different plants: The antennae , mid egg and male external genitalias were observed by means of electric
scanning microscope. The results were as follows: the appearances of whole male external genitalias were similar, and their aedeagus and juxta were markedly different. The type sensella on the antenna and mid egg were as same. There are 6 types of sensilla on antenna: tricgoid sensillum, placoid sensillum, chaetic sensillum, basiconica sensilla, cylindric sensillum, campaniform sensillum. 3 types of sensilla were founded on mid egg: basiconic sensilla type, chaetic sensillum, trichoid sensillum. The number of sensillas on each treat was different.
The development of A. beneficus was determined under five constant temperatures ranging from 15℃ to 35℃. The development threshold temperatures for egg, larvae, pupae, egg-pupae are 4.0℃, 3.5℃, 9.8℃, 5.1℃. Their effective temperatures summations are 415.7day-degree, 476.2day-degree, 163.9 day-degree, 1000.0 day-degree.
The host selection behavior of A. beneficus to different shape of red scale and from different plants were investigated. The parasitoid showed no difference in ovipositing to the difference shape of red scale. The ovipositional behavior of A. beneficus is influenced distinctly by the scale from different plants. The turns made on scale from Ilex cornuta were more than on scale from Poncirus trifoliata (Linn.).
Electophoresis of esterase isoenzymes of A. beneficus from different plants and different regions were studied . The rates of flow for esterase isoenzymes were figured out. The result shows that there were 5 esterase isoenzymes in every treatments except male it can be concluded that their relationship is very similar.
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