补充谷氨酰胺对赛艇运动员T淋巴细胞亚群及IgG、IgA、IgM的影响
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摘要
本文以优秀赛艇运动员为研究对象,以外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和血浆免疫球蛋白、白细胞数量、淋巴细胞数量为免疫检测指标,揭示了较长时间大负荷训练对运动员免疫功能的影响,以及通过长期低剂量补充L-谷氨酰胺对消除机体免疫抑制的作用。本研究对推动免疫学理论在运动实践中的应用,强化科学训练具有重要的理论和实践意义。
     采用双色免疫荧光法测定淋巴细胞表型;用散射比浊法测定免疫球蛋白G、A、M的含量。
     研究结果表明:(1)对照组在实验后CD4~+百分比(CD4~+%)无明显变化,CD4~+/CD8~+比值、CD8~+%有下降趋势,但无统计学意义。对照组实验前后IgG,IgA,IgM均略有下降,但无统计学意义。(2)实验组实验后CD4~+%无明显变化,而CD8~+%下降,且与实验前相比差异极为显著(P<0.01),CD4~+/CD8~+比值升高且差异显著(P<0.05)。实验组在实验后IgG,IgA,IgM均略有升高,但无统计学意义。(3)实验组、对照组两组间CD4~+%、CD8~+%及其比值实验前后变化值均有显著性差异,实验后两组间IgM有显著性差异。
     结论:(1)20名赛艇运动员冬训期CD4~+/CD8~+比值平均值处于正常值低限,提示长时间大负荷训练可能影响机体免疫平衡,导致免疫调节功能紊乱,机体免疫受抑制。(2)通过长期低剂量口服补充谷氨酰胺使外周血抑制性T淋巴细胞亚群减少,CD4~+/CD8~+比值升高,提示通过口服补充谷氨酰胺可以减少长时间大负荷训练对机体免疫平衡的影响,减少机体免疫受抑程度,有助于维持机体正常的免疫平衡。(3)CD4~+/CD8~+比值指标可用于诊断运动所引起的免疫抑制,其敏感性比IgG、IgM、IgA指标更高。(4)长期低剂量口服补充谷氨酰胺对运动员安静状态血清免疫球蛋白G、A含量(IgG、IgA)、白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数无显著性影响。
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ora] glutamine supplementation on the immune system in boating athletes during heavy load training. A group of 20 boating athletes (aged 16-19 years) were randomly divided into group (double blind) to receive either glutamine (3g per day) or a placebo (3g glucose per day) during 2 months.
    Before and after study, we measured T-lymphocyte subsets and the concentration of IgG, IgA, IgM by fluorescence Immunoassay and nephelometric method respectively. Compared to the pretest,CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio of the posttest of placebo reduced but the changes were not significant. While CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio of glutamine group increased significantly. The concentration of IgG , IgA, IgM of placebo decreased while that of glutamine group increased after study but there were no significant difference in both groups.
    We conclude that glutamine supplementation during heavy load training has significant effect on exercise-induced T- lymphocyte immunosuppression.
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