摘要
随着我国高速公路事业的快速发展,大跨度隧道的修建越来越多,因此,在隧道施工中所遇到的问题也越来越多,如何在隧道施工中选择合适的施工方法就成为了摆在工程技术人员面前急需解决的问题。解决问题的关键是要对大跨度隧道的开挖与支护过程进行研究,获取在不同的施工方法过程中大跨度隧道围岩与支护体系的力学性状信息,为大跨度隧道施工提供依据和指导。本文以梅关隧道为工程背景,对隧道所处的不同围岩段所备选的施工方案进行三维数值模拟,并对隧道浅埋段暗挖法施工所产生的地表沉降进行分析研究,其主要研究内容如下:
(1)对圆形隧道、椭圆形隧道、矩形隧道、卵形隧道四种不同断面隧道的围岩应力分布状况进行总结,并分析了不同扁平率和设置仰拱对隧道围岩造成的影响;
(2)介绍了隧道围岩稳定性影响因素,包括了自重应力、构造应力对隧道围岩稳定性的影响,并运用人工神经网络方法对梅关隧道广东端围岩级别及稳定性进行分析研究;
(3)对隧道工程中采用新奥法施工常用的施工方法,如全断面法、台阶法和台阶分步开挖法、双侧壁导坑法和中壁法等施工方法所适用隧道的具体情况进行了分析评述;
(4)运用FLAC~(3D)对梅关隧道广东端洞口段、Ⅳ级围岩段、Ⅲ级围岩段的不同施工方案进行三维数值模拟,并对不同结果进行对比分析,提出了合理的施工方案;
(5)以梅关隧道广东端洞口浅埋段暗挖法施工为依托,对随机介质理论计算所得地表沉降值、FLAC~(3D)数值模拟所得地表沉降值和地表沉降实测值进行对比分析,揭示开挖隧道引起地表沉降的规律。
With the rapid development of highways in China, there appear more and more constructions of large-span tunnel. Therefore, more and more problems existing in tunnel construction are coming out. For engineering technical personnel, how to choose suitable construction method has become an urgent problem that needs to resolve. The key is to study excavation and support processes for large-span tunnel and to obtain the information of mechanical character in terms of wall rock of large-span tunnel and supporting system when using different construction methods so as to provide basis and guidance for tunnel construction. Based on background Meiguan tunnel, the paper makes a research on three-dimensional numerical simulation for alternatives of different wall rock of tunnels and analyzes ground settlement induced by excavation of tunnel with shallow cover. The main content is as follows:
(1) It sums up the distribution of rock stress of different sections in terms of ring tunnels, ellipse tunnels, rectangle tunnels and oval tunnels and analyzes the effect of the different flat rate, setting invert on the wall rock of tunnels;
(2) It introduces tunnel stability factors, including the effect of gravitational stress, structural stress on the stability of wall rock of tunnels, and the research on Guangdong-Tunnel-rock types and stability with the help of artificial neural network;
(3) It observes the tunnels, to which apply frequently used methods of New Austrian Tunneling Method, such as whole-section excavation method, steps-method, partial face excavation method, double-side-wall drift method and middle-wall method and so on.
(4) It applies FLAC~(3D) to three-dimensional numerically simulating different construction plan on Tunnel of Guangdong entrance section of Meiguan tunnel, wall rocks section of grade IV and III respectively. In addition, the paper proposes reasonable construction plan with the help of comparative analysis of different simulations.
(5) It comparatively analyzes the ground settlement from the aspects of values of stochastic medium theory and FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation and the measured, based on the underground excavating of Guangdong tunnel entrance section of Meiguan Tunnel so as to reveal the rules of ground settlement caused by excavating tunnel.
引文
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