摘要
在个别差异的研究领域中,感觉寻求特质是一个重要的研究途径。所谓感觉寻求特质是指寻求变化的、奇异的或复杂的感觉经验或体验的一种人格特质。这个特质反映着每个人所特有的稳定的寻求刺激的倾向,及其所期望保持的理想的唤醒水平。
在我国,曾有人对青少年、学生、运动员的感觉寻求特质和相关心理及行为的研究,但是对于体育院系运动训练不同专业学生而言的感觉寻求特质未曾有过专门的测量和研究。对于运动训练专业学生而言,不同专项学生人格倾向及其差异,对其专业的教学和训练有着重要的影响。为了更好的有针对性的培养更多合格的高素质体育人才,从人格心理、生理机能和运动训练相关理论与实际相结合的角度进行研究和探索,在运动训练专业教学与训练过程中,通过对从事不同专项学生感觉寻求特质的研究,比对同年龄学生和项目间感觉寻求特质的特点和差异,找出内在的联系和区别,建立相适应的对应关系,对选拔、训练优秀的学生运动员提供相应的心理测试理论依据,丰富体育教学与训练的理论与方法。
研究结果表明:
运动训练专业学生感觉寻求人格特质总体呈正态分布特征,中等感觉寻求人格特质的运动员占较大比重,多数运动员有倾向于寻求一定新异刺激愿望的特征。
不同专项学生表现出不同的感觉寻求人格特质,其中球类项目学生高和中等感觉寻求特质较多,田径和轮滑项目学生低和中等感觉寻求特质较多,体操项目学生表现出了中等感觉寻求特质高于高感觉寻求特质和低感觉寻求特质。
运动训练专业学生感觉寻求特质表现出了较为明显的性别差异和年级差异。
独生子女感觉寻求水平显著低于非独生子女,但去抑制分量表虽然独生子女分数略高,但未达到显著性水平。原因可能与从事过若干年限的专项训练和习惯集体生活有一定关系。
各种家庭背景因素对学生感觉寻求水平的影响是相互独立的。
建议:重视体育院系运动训练专业学生的感觉寻求人格特质研究,不断摸索出有关在教学、训练、比赛以及教育过程中人格完善的规律。根据相应的人格特征进行科学、合理的选材与培养,对学生的教育和教养机制进行补充和完善。提高不同专项学生教学和训练的科学化水平,从心理调控角度,疏导和缓解各种心理问题给学生自身发展、运动成绩提高等方面造成的不利影响。不断丰富心理训练方法和手段,结合教育人、培养人的目的,创造出适应体育院系运动训练专业学生身心发展需要的教学、训练新理念。应根据不同的家庭背景,结合学生运动项目与自身情况进行统合教育,充分挖掘或弥补家庭在运动训练专业学生教育、教养过程中的重要作用。提高体育院系运动训练专业学生的自我意识、自我了解和自我控制的能力,充分发挥学生的主体性,强化学生的适应能力和进取精神。
In the research realm of individual difference, felling's looking for characteristic is an important research path. The so-called felling looks for characteristic to mean to look for variety of, strange of or complicated felling experience or experience of a kind of personality characteristic. This characteristic reflects everybody special stablely look for exciting tendency, and it expects to keep of ideally wake level up.
At the our country, once the felling of someone to the teenager, student, athlete looked for the research of characteristic and related mental state and behavior, but fastened sport to train different and professional student but speech to the athletics hospital of felling’s looking for characteristic has never had a specialized diagraph and research. Train professional student but speech to sport, dissimilarity particularly item student the personality incline to and its difference, as to it's professional teaching and training have important influence. For the sake of better have the character athletics of the qualified and high more development of aim at sex the talented person, the angle trained related theories and physically combined together from the personality mental state, physiology function and sport carries on research and investigates, in the process of exercising to training professional teaching and train in, pass to look for an idiosyncratic research towards being engaged in a dissimilarity particularly item's student's felling, ratio to of an age the student and item felling look for idiosyncratic characteristics and difference, find out inside contact and distinguish, establishment mutually adapt of to should relate to, to selection, train excellent student's athlete to provide homologous mental state a test theories basis, abundant athletics teaching and train of theories and method.
Study result enunciation:
Sport trains professional student's felling to look for personality characteristic total present positive Tai to distribute a characteristic, in the etc.'s felling look for the athlete of personality characteristic to have bigger specific weight and most athletes take a ply must be lately different to stimulate the characteristic of wishes in look for.
Dissimilarity particularly the item student express a different felling to look for personality characteristic, among them ball item student Gao with in etc. the felling look for characteristic more, farmland path and round slippery item the student be low with medium etc. the felling look for characteristic more, the gymnastics item student expressed medium etc. the felling look for characteristic Gao to look for characteristic and low felling to look for characteristic at the high felling.
Sport trained professional student's felling to look for characteristic to express more obvious sex difference and grade difference.
The only sons and daughters and felling look for level to show Zhao low at the not- only sons and daughters, but repress weight watch although only sons and daughters' score is slightly high, comes short of to show Zhao level. Reason probably with once was engaged in some time limits particularly an item training and habit collectively living have certain relation.
Various family background factor's looking for horizontal influence to student's felling is independent mutually.
Suggest: The felling which values an athletics hospital to fasten sport to train a professional student looks for a personality characteristic research and continuously grope for relevant in the teaching, the space perfect regulation of the process middleman of train, game and education. Carry on science according to the personality characteristic correspond, reasonable of choose a material and develop, to the student's education and bring up the mechanism carry on complement with perfect. Raise a dissimilarity particularly an item student's teaching and train of scientific level, adjust to control angle from the mental state, appease to alleviate to solve various mental problem an oneself development to the student, sport result exaltation etc. result in of disadvantageous influence. Continuously abundant mental state trains method and means, combine education person and train the person's purpose and create a teaching that orientation athletics hospital fastens sport to train a professional student mind and body a development a demand and train a new principle. The ego which raises an athletics hospital to fasten sport to train a professional student realize, ego understanding and ego control of ability, well develop the student's corpus, enhance the student's orientation ability and enterprising spirit.
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