摘要
马铃薯是黑龙江省重要的栽培作物之一。黑龙江省农科院马铃薯研究所用Epoka做母本、374-128做父本杂交育成的马铃薯新品种克新18在黑龙江省马铃薯生产中具有重要影响。为了探讨该品种最佳的栽培措施组合和充分发挥该品种的增产作用,本研究对该品种不同行距、株距、氮、磷、钾施用量对产量和效益的作用进行了田间试验与模拟分析。试验设计采用五因子五水平正交旋转二次回归组合方法,该方法在二次回归正交设计的基础上有所改进,使分布在同一个球面上的试验点的回归估计值具有相同的方差,这样就可直接依据回归方程的预测值,选择在该球面上的最佳区域,可为在不同生产条件和生态条件下确定规范化马铃薯栽培技术措施提供数学方法。通过对田间试验数据的测定与整理,利用SAS统计软件和DPS数据分析软件建立了马铃薯行距、株距、氮、磷、钾施用量等五因子生产数学模型,为分析各因子在马铃薯生产上的作用及计算机模拟筛选马铃薯农艺措施优化组合方案提供了依据。
通过对试验分析所建立马铃薯生产数学模型进一步分析的结果表明,就当前马铃薯种植密度调整来看,株距比行距对产量影响较大,氮、磷、钾三种肥料对马铃薯产量影响程度大小排序为:氮>磷>钾。经计算模拟选优,获得了高产数学模型和农艺措施组合方案,其中单产每公顷高于35940kg的优良农艺组合方案625套,其中产量、效益的最佳农艺措施组合为:行距80cm,株距20cm,尿素225kg/hm~2,二铵150kg/ hm~2,硫酸钾375kg/ hm~2,其最佳农艺措施组合(氮:磷:钾比例为1.5:1:2.5)的单产为47019 kg/hm~2。
此研究弥补了以往研究中仅考虑单一因子和不计生产效益的不足,为科学栽培马铃薯、正确评价马铃薯经济效益以及合理利用农业资源提供了理论依据和技术依托。
The potato is one of the important crop cultivation in Heilongjiang province. according to the combination which Epoka used as female and 374-128 used as male, Heilongjiang’s Academy of Agricultural Sciences Potato research institute breed the new Potato variety called Kexin 18,which play an important role in the potato production at Heilongjiang province. In order to discuss the best cultivation measures combination and make full play to increased production of the new potato variety,the study do the field experiment and simulation analysis which explore the effect of the different row spacing ,planting distance and the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizing amount in the potato production. The test was designed by applying a five factors quadratic regression orthogonal rotation grouping equation,the method is improved on the basis of the quadratic regressing method,every regression estimated value of the test point distributing in the same sphere has the same variance,so the best area in the sphere can be selected directly on the basis of predicted value of regression equation,it can provide the mathematical method of confirming canonical potato cultivation technique measures at the different production conditions and ecological conditions.According to organizing and testing the data from field experiments,build the potato production of mathematical model with five factors which include row spacing ,planting distance and the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizing amount by the SAS and DPS statistical software,it provide the foundation of analysing the factors’effect on the potato production and optimized agronomic measures and combination plan of the potato by computer simulation.
According to building the potato production of mathematical model by the testing analysis,the result show that the planting distance play a more important role at the potato production than the row spacing, the three fertilizers nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium have effect on the potato production,the order as follows: nitrogen> phosphorus > potassium. the optimization schemes of cultural practices used in high yield mathematical model and the best agronomy measure for potato production can be acquired by analogue computation.First 625 excellent agronomic combination which production above 35940kg yield per hectare can be obtained,and is as follows: the row spacing with 80cm ,the planting distance with 20cm,carbamide with 225kg/hm~2 Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate with 150kg/ hm~2 Potassium sulphate with 375kg/ hm~2. the potato production of the best production agronomic combination(the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is: 1.5:1:2.5)is 47019 kg/ hm~2.
This research makes up only the previous research considering single factor and the inadequacy, regardless of the production benefit,and provide the theoretical basis and technical support for scientific cultivation of potatoes,correct evaluation potatoes economic benefits and rational utilization of agricultural resources.
引文
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