摘要
季节性产品供应链有着比较特殊和典型的特点,即需求不确定性程度高、销售周期短、订货提前期长等特点,这些特点通常导致季节性产品供应链在管理和运营上存在着较大的困难,也通常导致供应链管理出现不协调状态。对此,本文在季节性产品供应链的特点和供应链成员进行分散决策的基础上,以制造商和分销商两级供应链系统为研究客体,分别研究在MTS-MTO生产模式和MTO生产模式下的季节性产品供应链协调机制。
首先,本文对MTS-MTO生产模式下制造商基于交货提前期的产量决策问题进行研究。在分析了MTO-MTS的生产模式下,季节性产品供应链中普遍存在的淡季产量决策误差大、旺季产能不足等问题之后,将生产量和提前期作为决策变量,重点研究了该生产模式在需求不确定条件下,最优产量决策以及各项运作成本与交货提前期之间的关系。
其次,本文研究了MTO生产模式下分销商基于市场信息的订货时间决策问题。通过建立含时间决策变量的推广报童模型,在季节性产品供应链中提出提前订货策略,产品分销商在制造商提供的价格折扣和市场需求信息的精确度中权衡,确定最优订货时间和最优订货量。
Seasonal products supply chain has rather special and typical characteristics, that is, a high degree of uncertainty for demand, the short sales cycle, long period of advance orders. The characteristics of these features usually lead to great difficulties in the seasonal products supply chain management and operations, and often resulting in a supply chain management uncoordinated state. So this paper based on the seasonal characteristics of the seasonal products supply chain and supply chain members of decentralized decision-making, on the basis of the two supply chain system of manufacturers and distributors to study the object, respectively, on the MTS-MTO production patterns and the MTO production patterns Seasonal products supply chain coordination mechanism.
First of all, this paper study on manufacturers' Output- Delivery leads time decision-making issue on the MTS-MTO production mode. Analysis of the MTO-MTS mode of production, we find that seasonal products supply chain often make wrong decisions on output off-season and lack of product capacity after the season. So this paper make production capacity and lead time as decision-making variables and focus on the relationship between optimal output, operating costs and delivery lead time on this production model.
Secondly, this paper study on distributor's ordering time-market information decision-making issue on the MTO production model. Through the establishment of promotion newsboy model with time variables, this paper analysis distributors' decision between price discounts and market demand information, and introduce Strategy to advance orders to seasonal products supply chain to determined optimal ordering time and optimal orders.
引文
[1] Chen J, Xu L J.Coordination of the Supply Chain of Seasonal Products[J]. IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man and Cybernetics: Part A,2001,31(6):524-532
[2] Donohue K L. Efficient Supply Contracts for Fashion Goods with Forecast Updating and Two Production Modes[J]. Management Science. 2000,46(1): 1397-1411
[3] Hewitt F. Supply chain redesign[J]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 1994,5(2): 1-9
[4] Hadley G, Whitin T M. Analysis of Inventory Systems, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.1963
[5] Jeuland, A P Shugan, Steven M. Mannging Channel Profits[J].Marketing Science, 1983,2(3):239
[6] Lee H L, Padmanabhan V, Taylor T A, Whang S. Price Protection in the Personal Computer Industry[J]. Management Science. 2000,46(4):467-482
[7] Langenwalter, G. A. Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond: Integrating Your Entire Organization[M].St.Lucie Press,2000
[8] Liao C, Shyu C, Stochastic Inventory Model with Controllable Lead Time[J]. International Journal of Systems Science, 1991,22(11):2347-2354
[9] Malone T W. Modeling coordination in organization and markets[J]. Management science, 1987,33( 10): 1317-1332
[10] McGuire T,Staelin R. An industry equilibrium analysis of downstream vertical integration[J]. Marketing Science. 1983,2(2): 161-192
[11] Weng Z K. Channel coordination and quantity discounts[J]. Management Science.l995,41(3):1509-1522
[12] Pasternack B A. Optimal pricing and returns policies for perishable commodities[J]. Marketing Science,1985,4(4):166-176
[13] Ronald H.Ballou 著.;王晓东,胡瑞娟等译.Business Logistics Management Planning, Organizing and Controlling the Supply Chain[M].机械工业出版社.2002
[14] Romano P. Coordination and integration mechanisms to manage logistics processes across supply networks[J]. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 2003,9:119-134
[15] Simatupang T M, Wright A C, Sridharan R, The knowledge of coordination for supply chain integration[J]. Business Process Management, 2002,8(3):289-308
[16] Spengler J J. Vertical integration and antitrust policy[J]. Journal of political economy, 1950,58:347-352
[17] Srivastava J, Chakravarti D, Rapoport A. Price and margin negotiations in marketing channels: An experimental study of sequential bargaining under one-side uncertainty and opportunity cost of delay[J].Marketing Science.2000,19(2):163-184
[18]Shankar V,Bolton R N.An Empirical Analysis of Determinants of Retailer Pricing Strategy[J].Marketiong Science.2004,23(1):28-49
[19]Trivedi M.Distribution Channels:An Extension of Exclusive Retailership[J].Management Science.1998,44(7):896-909
[20]Tsay A A,Lovejoy W S.Quantity flexibility contracts and supply chain performance[J].Manufacturing &Service Operations Management,1999,1(2):89-111
[21]Villas-Boas J M.Product Line Design for a Distribution Channel[J].Marketing Science.1998,17(2):156-169
[22]Tsay A A,Agrawal N.Channel Dynamics Under Price and Service Competition[J].Manufacturing and Service Operations Management.2000,2(4):372-391
[23]Tsay A A,Lovejoy W S.Quantity Flexibility Contracts and Supply Chain Performance[J].Manufacturing and Service Operations Management.1999,1(2):89-111
[24]Tomlin B.Capacity Investments in Supply Chains:Sharing the Gains Rather Than Sharing the Pain[J].Manufacturing and Service Operations Management.2003,5(4):317-333
[25]Wang Q.Coordination independent buyers in a distribution system to increase a vendor's profits[J].Manufacturing and Service Operations Management.2001,3(4):337-348
[26]Wang Y,Gerchak Y.Supply Chain Coordination when Demand is Shelf-Space Dependent[J].Manufacturing and Service Operations Management.2001,3(1):82-87
[27]Xu K F,Dong Y,Evers P T.Towards better coordination of the supply chain[J].Transportation Research(Part E),2001,37:35-54
[28]Zimmer K.Supply chain coordination with uncertain just-in-time delivery[J].Int J.Production Economics.2002,77:1-15
[29]蔡建湖.季节性商品两级供应链库存决策模型研究[J].华中科技大学.2006
[30]曹洪.季节性产品定价研究[J].价格月刊.2003.11:16-17
[31]曹武军,胡于进等.精益方式下考虑提前期的制造商发货问题[J].华中科技大学学报,2006,12:111-113
[32]陈志刚,徐渝等.基于非线性提前期成本的库存问题研究[J].预测,2007,1:64-69
[33]陈安,刘鲁.供应链管理问题的研究现状及挑战[J].系统工程学报.2000,6:179-186
[34]陈冬,顾培亮.供应链管理若干问题研究与进展评述[J].系统工程理论与实践.2003,10:1-11
[35]戴永良.供应链控制冲国戏剧出版社[M].2001.11
[36]何慧,何俊等.供应链协调机制与契约分析[J].物流科技.2006,6:130-132
[37]黄卫来等.需求不确定环境下的提前订购策略分析[J].2007.1:17-20
[38]侯开虎,胡宗武.供应链管理中提前期影响因素分析[J].工业工程与管理.2004,3:13-17
[39]李秀森.季节性产品的供应链战略适应分析[J].商城现代化.2006.12:202-203
[40]刘慧.供应链管理[M].中国人民大学出版社,2002
[41]马士华等著 供应链管理[M].机械工业出版社2000
[42]马士华,林勇.供应链管理[M].高等教育出版社,2003
[43]乔新妮,毛海军等.基于提前期非零时的再制造逆向物流库存控制策略研究[J].企业管理与信息化,2006,12:17-21
[44]尚徽,唐林彬等.供给存在季节性波动情况下的合作定价模型[J].价值工程.2004.7:23-26
[45]隋明刚,魏巍.综述:供应链库存成本研究的现状及其发展趋势[J].物流技术.2000,5:28-32
[46]顺培亮.系统分析与协调[M].天津出版社,1998
[47]王宏达,汪定伟.季节性商品的定价模型及方法研究[J].沈阳工业大学学报.2005.5:579-599
[48]辛振国,王玫河.季节波动供应链中的采购与库存控制决策模型[J].商业研究.2007.8:87
[49]晓斌,刘鲁等.非对称需求信息下两阶段供应链协调.[J]控制与决策.2004.5:515-524
[50]郑绍濂,傅烨.供应链结构性效率损失分析[J].复旦大学学报.2001.2
[51]张江涛,崔文田.需求不确定对单周期产品的生产商-零售商供应链的影响[J].商业研究.2005.7:103-106
[52]赵菊.季节性商品供应商的生产库存及定价策略研究.[J].合肥工业大学学报.2005.11:1413-1418
[53]邹海林.论企业核心能力及其形成[J].中国软科学.1999,3:56-67
[54]庄品,王宁生.供应链协调机制研究[J].工业技术经济.2004,6:71-73