摘要
随着社会的发展,客户对产品的质量要求越来越高。对于复杂装配体产品,其质量取决于产品装配后关键尺寸的误差。对产品制造业企业来说,通过产品制造和装配过程中的精度管理控制关键尺寸误差,提高产品质量,增强产品市场竞争力成为企业的首要任务之一。公差分析作为精度管理的核心内容,一直是精度管理领域的研究热点。在产品设计阶段对其进行公差分析,可以在产品样机验证前发现公差设计和装配工艺设计中可能存在的问题,提前解决以缩短产品开发周期,降低开发成本。同时进行公差分析还可以提高产品质量,降低产品制造成本。
本论文提出了一种系统的三维公差分析方法,运用齐次坐标变换矩阵表达三维装配误差,通过矩阵运算进行公差分析。本文主要工作如下：
(1)对公差分析领域的研究成果进行了综述,总结了这些研究成果的优点和不足,提出了本文公差分析研究的思路；
(2)提出一种新的装配模型,为公差分析提供零件信息、装配特征信息、零件之间的定位关系信息和装配特征之间的配合关系信息。并根据装配模型生成装配体的关键尺寸的误差累积路线；
(3)根据公差分析方法的特点,建立特征公差模型,把特征的形位公差以统一的形式进行定义,以便于在公差分析过程中直接应用；
(4)应用蒙特卡洛方法模拟零件的制造,对特征所有的公差进行误差随机取值；
(5)研究特征误差对零件装配误差的影响,把零件的装配误差用齐次坐标变换矩阵表示,研究根据误差累积路线计算装配体关键尺寸误差的方法；
(6)研究对关键尺寸计算结果进行统计分析的方法,以及分析结果的意义。
Along with the development of modern manufacturing industry, the quality of products becomes more and more important in the competition among enterprises. Since complicated products are made of many parts, the quality is largely depended on the assembly accuracy of key characteristics. Therefore, the prime task is to improve the quality of products by machining accuracy and assembly accuracy management in order to improve the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises. Tolerance analysis is the core of accuracy management and a lot of work has been done in this field by scholars both at home and abroad. Engineers can find the defects in the tolerance design and process design stage before making prototypes. Moreover, the development time and the manufacturing cost will be decreased at the meantime.
The thesis proposes a systemic 3 dimensional tolerance analysis method in which the homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix represents for 3D assembly error and the matrix operation is used in tolerance analysis. The major work is as follows:
(1)The previous work in tolerance analysis field is surveyed, and the advantage and disadvantages of those former study are concluded and a tolerance analysis method;
(2)A new assembly model is proposed, providing the parts information, assembly feature information, constraint relation of parts and fitting relationship information, with which to generate the error accumulation route;
(3)The feature tolerance model is established according to the matrix transformation method characteristic. The shape and position tolerance in the engineering drawing can be transformed into a special tolerance type that can be used directly in tolerance analysis method is put forward;
(4)The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate product manufacturing process and take random error value for all the tolerance of the features;
(5)The influence of the feature's deviation on assembly's key characteristics is studied, with the homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix representing for 3d assembly error;
(6)The error accumulation result is analyzed and the analysis result for product tolerance optimization is also evaluated.
引文
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