摘要
瞄准具传光能力的高低直接关系着瞄准具视距的大小。传统传光能力测试方法普遍采用光电池直接测量光通量,或采用光电倍增管间接测量经过积分球匀光后的光照度。由于被测瞄准具的光学系统与国家计量部门提供的标准件屈光度不同,导致实测与空测时入射光束形态发生变化,产生测量基准不一致的误差,传统方法无法满足瞄准具研制、定型和生产过程中传光能力的全面评价及检验需要。本文在查阅国内外大量相关文献资料的基础上,对瞄准具传光能力所涉及的评价方法、测试理论及关键技术进行了深入的研究,并设计了传光能力测试系统。
论文总结了国内外传光能力测量方法与仪器的现状,针对目前瞄准具传光能力存在片面评价的问题,提出了采用传光效率和光能相对分布两个概念来全面描述瞄准具。并在此概念的基础上,推导了传光效率和光能相对分布测量原理,建立了积分球出射照度与入射光束形态之间的关系模型并进行了仿真实验,证明了入射光束形态变化引起积分球逸出光通量随机变化,产生测量基准不一致,是导致目前传光能力测量方法无法实现平光系统和屈光系统统一测量的主因。针对该情况,提出了一种光束形态控制方法,调整朗伯屏与探测器等距同步,使屈光系统测量光斑和参考焦点形态一致,从而可消除了入射光束形态变化引起的测量基准不一致的误差。测量平光系统采用辅助透镜法,把平光系统测量转换为屈光系统测量,实现了平光系统与屈光系统测量基准的统一。同时,设计了一套能同时测量传光效率和光能相对分布的实验装置,对该装置的发射、接收和信息处理各模块的实现以及振动特性进行了分析和仿真研究。
本文针对背景光的干扰问题进行了深入研究,提出了采用相关滤波克服背景光干扰达到亮场测试要求的方法。基准面光源、朗伯屏、成像镜头和CCD相机都存在非均匀性,影响光能相对分布测量精度。为了解决该问题,基于从空域上讲面光源、朗伯屏、成像镜头的非均匀光学特性具有确定性和CCD的不均匀响应具有随机性,提出了采用最小二乘方法拟合光源强度分布,重建基准面光源,实现面阵CCD相机联合标定的方法。
实验表明：本设计能完成传光效率和光能相对分布的同时测量,实现了平光系统与屈光系统传光能力测量基准的统一,解决了平光系统和屈光系统传光能力的比对和传递的难题,传光能力的测试精度为0.3%。为全面评价和客观测量瞄具光学系统的传光能力提供了依据,对提高瞄准具视距,保证武器打击效能具有重要意义。
The level of light transmitting capability of sights is directly related to its visual range. Photocell is usually used to measure light flux directly, or photomultiplier is usually used to indirectly measure the output illuminance of integrating sphere in traditional measurement methods of light transmitting capability. Reference inconsistent errors may arise from changes of input light geometry due to the differences of diopter between under-tested optical system of sights and standard sample supplied by National Department of Metrology when placing and then removing them.Traditional measurement methods of light transmitting capability cannot meet the overall evaluation and inspection requirement of light transmitting capability of sights in the process of developing,setting and producting.After consulting related domestic and international literature and information, this paper proceeds thorough research on evaluation method, testing theory and key technology. Meantime the test system of light transmitting capability is designed.
After analyzing and summarizing present situation of measurement method of light transmitting capability and instruments at home and abroad, two concepts that light transmitting efficiency and relative distribution of light energy are proposed to give an overall description of sights,aiming to the one-sided evaluation on light transmitting capability of sight. Based on the concepts, measuring theories of light transmitting efficiency and relative distribution of light energy are deduced, and the relationship model between the output illumination of integrating sphere and the incident beam geometry is established. Simulation experiment has proved that why the present measurement method of light transmitting capability cannot unify planar system measurement with nonplannar system measurement is mainly that reference inconsistency of incident geometry may arise from the random variation of escaped light flux due to the changes from incident beam geometry. Aiming to the problem, an incident geometry controlling method of nonplanner system is proposed. It can make the geometry of measurement focus of nonplannar sample be consistent with the geometry of reference focus by keeping lambert screen and detector simultaneous and equidistant, so the reference inconsistent error due to the changes from incident beam geometry is eliminated.For the planner system, the method, which converts plannar sample measurement to nonplannar sample measurement by using additional lens, unifies the measurement reference of plannar system with nonplannar system. Base on above method, a test setup, which can measure light transmitting efficiency and relative distribution of light energy together, is designed.Research on implementation method of transmitting,receiving and information processing module of the setup is made,and its vibration characteristics is also analyzed by simulation experiment.
Deep study on the interferenc problem from background light is made here, and correlation filtering method is proposed to conquer background light interference in order to meet the requirement of bright field test.To solve the problem that the distribution nonuniformity errors of light source, lambert screen, imaging lens and CCD camera will influence the measurement of relative distribution of light energy, the distribution surface of luminous intensity is fitted with least square method for constructing light source reference plane to therefore realize the united calibration of CCD area array.based on the fact that the nonuniformity of light source, lambert screen and imaging lens is deterministic and the inhomogeneity of CCD is random from spatial domain analysis,
Experimental results indicate that the design, which can measure light transmitting efficiency and relative distribution of light energy together, unifies the measurement reference of light transmitting capability of plannar system with nonplannar system, and solves the problems that light transmitting capability can not be compared and transferred between planar system and nonplanar system.and its accuracy of light transmitting capability is 0.3%. It provides evidence for objective and overall evaluation on the light transmitting capability of sights and also has great significance in improving the visual range of visibility of sights and guaranteeing the attack efficacy of weapons.
引文
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