摘要
城市污水处理厂污泥(sewage sludge)的最终处置是国内外共同面临的难题和挑战。经国内现有的污泥处理技术处理后的污泥中有机物含量高,易腐烂,有恶臭,并含有寄生虫卵、病原微生物、重金属和多种化合物质,由此看出污染成分复杂,特别是重金属的处理,无法达到卫生填埋标准,重金属通常具有急性或慢性毒性,会以各种方式毒害人体,如致癌或非直接地引发某些疾病。已经造成了环境污染等一系列严重的后果。因此解决好污泥处理处置问题已成为一项非常紧迫的任务。
在重金属废物的处理中大部分都需进行稳定化处理,以达到无害化的目的。常规重金属稳定化技术种类很多,但在用于重金属废物的处理时都有局限性,特别是这些技术都受pH值变化的影响,当pH值较低时,重金属离子会再溶出,没有达到重金属废物长期稳定化的目的,在废物的最终处置中,将会对环境造成二次污染。针对这些问题,国际上提出了高效的化学稳定化药剂进行无害化处理,并成为危险废物无害化处理的研究热点。本论文主要研究内容为污泥泥质分析和污泥中重金属稳定。论文实验以西安污水处理厂污泥为研究对象,得出结论西安市污水污泥镉Cd、汞Hg、铅Pb、铜Cu、锌Zn、镍Ni总量均超出《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》(GB4248-84)规定的农用适用污泥中污染物最高允许含量,污水厂的浸出液重金属铅Pb超出《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB5085.3-2007)规定的最高允许含量;对高分子重金属螯合剂(EP-110)稳定重金属的机理研究表明,EP-110能够与重金属离子以共价键连接,形成空间结构稳定的高分子螯合物;EP-110药剂处理各种金属离子的PH值范围在3.0～11.0内有效;得出最佳投药量结论,EP-110/重金属含量(W/W): EP-110/Cu~(2+)为(6.5～7.5/1)、EP-110/Ni~(2+)为(7.0～8.0/1)、EP-110/Pb~(2+)为(1.5～2.5/1)、EP-110/Zn~(2+)为(8.5～9.5/1)、EP-110/Cd~(2+)为(3.5～4.5/1)、EP-110/Hg~(2+)为(2.0～2.5/1);应用重金属螯合剂处理污泥中重金属,处理对象较多,形成的重金属螯合物稳定,污泥指标符合国家颁布的污泥卫生填埋等各项标准。
The final disposition of city sewage sludge is a difficult problem and a challenge which both domestic and abroad have to face. Domestic technology of dealing with sewage sludge is too simple. Moreover, the organics content of sewage sludge which has been discharged is very high. They are easy to get corrupt, have malodor, and they also contain parasitic ovum, pathogenic microorganism, heavy metal and many compounds. So, we can see that the composition of pollution is very complicated, especially for the dealing with heavy metal, which is very difficult to get the standard of sanitary landfill. Heavy metal usually contains the acute or chronic toxicity that can contaminate human body in many ways. For instance, they can result in cancer or indirectly result in some disease. which has brought out a series of serious consequence, like environment pollution, etc. So, dispose of sewage sludge problem has become an urgent task.
During the process of disposing the waste of heavy metal, mostly, stabilizing treatment is needed to reach the purpose of innocent treatment. There are many categories of conventional technology of heavy metal stabilizing treatment, but there is also some limits when these categories are used on the deposition for heavy metal. Especially, these technologies can be influenced by pH value. When pH valve is low, heavy metal ions will be stripping again, then, the purpose of long–term stabilizing treatment of heavy metal would not be obtained. During the final waste disposal, environment will suffer the secondary pollution. Be aimed a these problems, using a high performance chemistry stabilizing medicament to deposit the innocent treatment has been put forward, which also become a studying hot spot of innocent treatment of depositing the dangerous waste. This paper mainly studies on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of sewage sludge, and the heavy metal desactivation of sewage sludge. The experiment of thesis will choose the sludge that is from XiAn sewage plant as a studying objective, Allowable maximal pollution contents , foul water factory infusion liquid heavy metal in the farm-oriented sludge suitable for use reaching conclusion Xi An City foul water sludge cadmium Cd , mercury Hg , lead Pb , copper Cu , zinc Zn , nickel Ni all quantity regulation without exception exceeding《pollution controls a standard in farm-oriented sludge》(GB4248-84) , lead Pb exceed《dangerous good-for-nothing distinguishes a standard leaching out toxicity being distinguished》(GB5085.3-2007) regulation maximal allow contents. Conclusion of experiment: using heavy metal sequester to deposit is more across-the-aboard, holding a comparative high rate of wiping for each index,Heavy metal chelating agent nature of the polymer analysis,Heavy metal chelating agent that the mechanism of heavy metal passivation , to EP-110 connect to heavy metal ions with covalent bond, a spatial structure of the polymer stability chelates;(EP-110)Pharmacy deal with all kinds of metal ions,The Range of pH is 3.0～11.0. After processing the metal ion content lower than the emission standards; The optimum dosage of conclusions,EP-110/Heavy Metal Content(W/W): EP-110/Cu~(2+)(6.5～7.5:1)、EP-110/Ni~(2+)(7.0～8.0:1)、EP-110/Pb~(2+)(1.5～2.5:1)、EP-110/Zn~(2+)(8.5～9.5:1)、EP-110/Cd~(2+)(3.5～4.5:1)、Hg2(+2.0～2.5:1);the amount of throwing the dose is few, so that the cost of deposition can be reduced more. and use compound heavy metal sequester to deposit the heavy metal that exists in the sludge, which already get an obvious effect. It comes up to the every standard of sanitary landfill of Chinese decree.
引文
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