摘要
随着海洋开发活动的深入,深海电机作为水下设备的核心部件而得到广泛应用。深海电机的密封是普通电机用于深海需要解决的关键性问题,尤其是旋转轴的动密封,其性能的好坏直接影响到电机能否正常工作。根据电机工作水深范围的不同,本文将深海电机旋转动密封分为两类:承压型旋转动密封和压力补偿型旋转动密封。
本文首先对用于承压型旋转动密封的机械密封性能进行了分析。利用ANSYS对密封环进行建模,分析了在轴向力和径向力作用下端面接触压力与密封环参数的关系,得出了接触压力随载荷系数、弹簧压力及介质压力增大而增大,其中介质压力的影响最明显。但介质压力为外界因素,因此在满足密封性能的条件下,尽量选取较小的载荷系数和弹簧压力。端面宽度的增大引起接触压力的减小,因此可适当增加端面的宽度。
压力补偿型旋转动密封由于密封压力差小,可以利用O形密封圈及唇封等,关键的问题在于海水的巨大压力对它们的密封性能有什么具体影响。通过对O形密封圈的模拟计算,得出了海水压力对密封圈接触压力影响很小,其大小和分布与过盈量及密封介质压力差有关,并提出了在深海中使用时的设计要点。
对深海设备的模拟测试研究非常重要。本文设计了高压试验舱以及相应旋转轴的唇形密封,为模拟深海的高压环境提供了条件。通过有限元计算及试验结果对唇形密封的初步设计提出了改进方法,这也为进一步对唇封在深海环境下密封性能的分析做了一定的准备。
通过对两种类型深海电机密封接触压力的分析,从结果中我们直观地了解到设计参数对密封性能的影响,为深海环境中密封的设计提供了理论依据。
With the exploitation going on in sea, the deep-sea motor which is the core part of underwater equipment is used widely. The seal of deep-sea motor is the key problem when the common motor works in deep-sea, especially the rotating shaft seal, its performance will have a direct impact on the motor's working. According to the different working depth scope of motor, the shaft seal can be divided into two types in thesis: pressure rotating seal and pressure compensation rotating seal.
Firstly, the performance of mechanical seals which used in pressure rotating seal was analyzed. The model of seal ring was accomplished with ANSYS software. With the radial and axial force, the relation between contact pressure and parameters of seal rings was discussed. The analysis results indicated that, the contact pressure increased as the load coefficient, spring pressure and medium pressure increasing, and the role of medium pressure is most obvious. Medium pressure is environment factor, so when the sealing performance satisfied, a smaller load coefficient and spring pressure should be choosed as possible. The contact pressure decreased as the end face width increasing, so the bigger one was a good choice.
The sealing pressure of pressure compensation rotating seal was small, so O-rings and lip seals were used for this type seal. And the key problem consisted in how the tremendous pressure of water would impact on seals. Through the simulation of O-ring, the results indicated that seawater pressure had a little effect on the contact pressure of seal, its value and distribution related to the surplus and margin of medium pressure. Some suggestion was gave for design and use of O-ring working in deep-sea.
The study on the simulation test is very important. High pressure vessel and rotating shaft lip seals were designed in this paper, and providing the condition of high-pressure simulation of deep-sea environment. The method of improving preliminary design lip seal was presented through finite element calculation and results of trial. Some preparation was done to the next further analysis of lip seal used in deep-sea.
Through the analysis about contact pressure of the two type deep-sea motor seals, how the design parameters impacted on the performance of seal was presented intuitively. Some theoretical basis was supplied for the design of deep-sea seals.
引文
[1]刘子俊,孙昌志,吴延忠.2马力水下钕铁硼电机的特点及其在中型海洋机器人上的应用.机器人.1991,13(2):50-52
[2]李晔,常文田,孙玉山等.自治水下机器人的研发现状与展望.机器人技术与应用.2007
[3][美]D.J.哈克曼,D.W.考戴著;吴晶译.水下工具.北京:海洋出版社.1986:118-119
[4]张训义.深海动态密封.海洋技术.1982,4
[5]刘子俊,崔皆凡.海洋机器人用水下电机的深水密封研究.机器人.1997,19(1)
[6]邹波,邓斌,于兰英等.直浸式直流无刷电机在深海液压系统中的应用.机电工程技术.2008,37(3)
[7]康守权,王棣棠,朱桂海.机械密封在水下机器人中的应用.机器人.1993,15(5)
[8]钟先友,谭跃刚.水下机器人动密封技术.机械工程师.2006,1
[9]徐国华,张军胜,向先波等.直流无刷电机驱动的水下电缆绞车系统.海洋工程.2006,24(2)
[10]邱中梁,汤国伟.7000深海液压系统设计研究.液压与气动.2006,8
[11]刘宏伟,李伟,林勇刚.“水下风车”主轴机械密封失效分析及改进.润滑与密封.2007,32(6)
[12]任全彬,陈汝训,杨卫国.橡胶O形密封圈的变形及应力分析.航空动力学报.1995,10(3)
[13]胡殿印,王荣桥,任全彬.橡胶O形圈密封结构的有限元分析.北京航空航天大学学报.2005,31(2)
[14]廖和滨.机械密封环温度场/应力场的数值模拟及实验研究.福州大学硕士论文.2005.5
[15]王保森.基于ANSYS的油封唇口接触压力的有限元分析.北京化工大学硕士论文.2006.5:29
[16]徐忠丽.橡胶密封制品的有限元模拟与结构优化.青岛科技大学硕士论文.2006.5
[17]桑园.干气密封装置动态辅助密封圈性能研究.北京化工大学硕士论文.2007.6
[18]宋勇.精通ANSYS7.0有限元分析.北京:清华大学出版社.2003
[19]东方人华,马赢.ANSYS7.0入门与提高.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[20](德)海因茨K.米勒,(英)伯纳德S.纳乌著;程传庆等译.流体密封技术——原理 与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[21]徐灏.密封.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993
[22]黄迷梅.液压气动密封于泄漏防治.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:P42-P43
[23]徐灏.机械设计手册.3、5(第二版).北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[24]陈匡民,董宗玉,陈文梅.流体动密封.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1990
[25]刘令勋,刘英贵.动态密封设计技术.北京:中国标准出版社,1993
[26]顾永泉.流体动密封(上).北京:烃加工出版社,1990
[27]顾永泉.流体动密封.石油大学出版社,1990
[28]张文格,李永泰,李鲲.机械密封环端面变形的有限元计算及实验研究.石油化工设备.1993,22(4)
[29]R.Metcalfe.The Use of Finite Element Deflection Analysis in Performance For End Face Seals.Proc.of 3rd Symposium on Engineering,Application of Solid mechanism,Unin.of Toronto,Canada.1976
[30]陈文毅.泵用机械密封平衡比的研究.排灌机械.1993,2
[31]Admas W.V.Troubleshooting mechanical seals[J].Chemical Engineering.1983,90(2)
[32]J.A.M.ten Houte.Research in high parameters mechanical seal.Eleventh International Conference on Fluid sealing.BHRA,Cannes,1987
[33]孙见君,顾伯勤,魏龙.弹簧比压对平衡型机械密封基本性能的影响.石油化工设备.2005.11,34(6)
[34]孙见君,顾伯勤,魏龙.弹簧比压对机械密封性能影响的分形分析.润滑与密封.2006,6
[35]Rivlin R S,Saunders D W.Large elastic deformations of isotropic materials.Strain Distribution around a hole in a sheet[J].Philosophy Transaction of Royal Society,1951,A243
[36]易太连,翁雪涛,朱石坚.不可压缩橡胶体的静态性能分析.海军工程大学学报.2002.2,14(1)
[37]Green I,English C.Stresses and deformation of compressed elasto-meric O-ring sealing[A].14th International Conference on Fluid Sealing[C].Firenze,Italy.1994
[38]穆志涛,邢耀国.固体发动机工况中密封圈大变形等效柯西应力分析[J].机械强度.2004,26(5)
[39]周志鸿,张康雷,李静,许同乐.O形橡胶密封圈应力与接触压力的有限元分析.润滑与密封.2006,4
[40]Fired I,Johonson A.R.Nonlinear computation of axisymmetric solid rubber deformation[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering.1988,67
[41]房延,郭远明.深海液压油箱的设计.液压与气动.2005,11
[42]章艳,罗高生,王峰,顾临怡.深海压力适应型水下机器人压力补偿技术.机电工程.2007,24(4)
[43]孟庆鑫,王茁,魏洪兴,张立勋.深水液压动力源压力补偿器研究.船舶工程.2002,2
[44]刘志浩,高世伦.水下作业工具液压动力源的研制.海洋技术.2006,21(2)
[45]Chung Kyun Kim,Woo Jeon Shim.Analysis of contact force and thermal behaviour of lip seals[J].Tribology Interntional.1996,30(2)
[46]李树虎,贾华敏,王炳雷,郭建芬.橡塑往复密封有限元分析.http://bzj.newmaker.com/art_20241.html
[47]OH Yeoh.Characterization of elastic properties of carbon black filled rubber vulcanization.Rubber Chemical and Technology.1990,63(5)
[48]Hai Sui,Heiko Pohl,Uwe Schombura,Gerd Upper,Steffen Heine.Wear and friction of PTFE seals.Wear.1999,224
[49]王文东,师延龄.聚四氟乙烯复合材料与弹性体的组合应用.有机氟工业.2005,1(11)
[50]路琴,吕少卉.聚四氟乙烯的性能及其在机械工程中的应用.农机使用与维修.2006,5(61)
[51]http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5666012-fulltext.html
[52]Richard F.Salant.Modelling rotary lip seals[J],wear.1997,207
[53]Chun-Ying Leea,Chao-Sung Linb,Rui-Quan Jiana,Chih-Yung Wen.Simulation and experimentation on the contact width and pressure distribution of lip seals[J].Tribology International