摘要
玉米丝黑穗病是一种世界性病害，也是我国玉米产区的主要病害之一。培育抗病品种是防治丝黑穗病危害的最经济有效途径，而抗病育种成效取决于对抗源和抗性遗传机制的认识。采用现代生物技术发掘我国主要玉米种质中的抗丝黑穗病基因及其连锁分子标记，可为建立高效的抗病育种及种质改良技术提供理论依据。本研究以Mo17(抗病)×黄早四(感病)的F_2和F_3群体为作图和抗病性评价群体，采用SSR和AFLP分子标记构建遗传连锁图谱，在吉林公主岭和黑龙江哈尔滨地区进行田间抗病鉴定，利用复合区间定位方法进行抗病QTL分析。主要研究结果如下：
(1)以Mo17×黄早四的F_2分离群体(191个单株)为作图群体，构建了含有84个SSR位点和48个AFLP位点的遗传连锁图谱，覆盖玉米基因组1542.9cM，平均图距为11.7cM。
(2)在吉林公主岭地区检测到5个QTL，分别位于第1、2、3、8、9染色体上，解释的表型方差为10.0％～16.3％。在黑龙江哈尔滨地区也检测到5个QTL，分别位于第1、2、3、4、7染色体上，解释的表型方差的4.6％～13.4％。对吉林和黑龙江两个地点的抗病鉴定结果进行联合QTL分析，共检测到6个QTL，分别位于第1、2、3、4、8、9条染色体上，解释的表型方差为4.6％～15.3％。
(3)本研究在第1、2、3染色体上各稳定检测到1个抗性QTL，且支持这三个QTL的LR值较大。第1、2染色体上的QTL表现为超显性效应，第3染色体上的QTL表现为加性效应。第1、3染色体上QTL等位基因来自亲本Mo17，而第2染色体上的QTL等位基因来自黄早四。
(4)本研究所检测到的QTL作用方式主要表现为加性和超显性两种类型。
Head smut of com is a cosmopolitan disease. It causes a significant yield losses and quality, degradation especially in spring maize area. Development of varieties or hybrids resistant to this disease is one of the effective approaches to control the disease. Molecular marker technology will contribute to explore the useful information in efforts to develop resistant germplasm efficiently through locating the QTL relevant to diseases resistance. In this study, we mapped and characterized quantitative trait Loci (QTL) conferring resistance to head smut. A mapping population (F2) with 191 individuals was derived from the cross of two elite inbreds (Mo 17 and Huangzao4), and the corresponding 184 F3 families (7 missed) were evaluated for head smut resistance with two replications in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, respectively. The F2 population was genotyped with 49 AFLP and 91 SSR markers, and QTL analysis was performed with composite interval mapping (CIM). The main results are as follows:
(1) A genetic linkage map with 84 SSR and 48 AFLP markers were constructed, spanning maize genome 1542.9cM with average distance of 11.7cM between adjacent markers.
(2) In Jilin, 5 putative QTL conferring resistance to head smut were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 8 and 9, respectively, accounting for 10.0% to 16.3% of the phenotypic variation. In Heilongjiang, 5 putative QTL conferring resistance to head smut were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7, respectively, accounting for 4.6% to 13.45% of the phenotypic variation. Pooled analysis based on the two environments was conducted, and 6 putative QTL were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9, respectively, explaining 4.6% to 15.3% of the phenotypic variation.
(3)'In the study, 3 QTL with high LR values could be consistently detected on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Two of them located on chromosomes 1 and 2 displayed over-dominant effects, and the other QTL mapped on chromosome 3 was additive. The QTL alleles relevant to head smut resistance on chromosomes 1 and 3 were contributed by the parent Mo 17, while the QTL allele on chromosome 2 was contributed by Huangzao4.
(4) Most of the QTL relevant to head smut resistance identified in this paper showed additive or over-dominant effects.
引文
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