摘要
造纸产业的产业关联度高,是与国民经济发展息息相关的重要基础原料产业。但是,造纸是集资金、技术、资源、能源密集型为一身的产业,其发展受到资金、技术、资源、能源、环境等方面的约束。《造纸工业发展“十二五”规划》指出,我国的造纸产业面临节能减排任务艰巨、自主创新能力不强、大型制浆造纸设备依赖进口、高速扩张的发展模式受到资源和环境的双重制约等问题。加强技术创新能力,加快技术进步则是促进造纸产业可持续发展的根本途径。然而,我国的造纸企业在产品创新能力、工艺创新能力、节能减排技术创新能力等方面仍然与发达国家存在一定的差距。导致造纸企业创新能力不足的可能原因是造纸企业知识吸收能力不高,或者不重视对知识的整合利用,导致企业创新成本较高、创新效率与效果较差,从而影响了造纸企业的创新绩效。但是当前国内外学者对造纸企业知识吸收能力的研究相对较少,同时对造纸企业知识吸收能力与创新绩效关系的研究也甚少。因此,研究造纸企业知识吸收能力影响创新绩效的程度和路径,对提升我国造纸企业创新能力与创新绩效具有重要的理论意义与实践意义。
为此,本研究通过文献综述、整合知识转移理论和原有的知识吸收能力理论,基于知识链模型将知识吸收能力划分为知识获取、知识选择、知识内化、知识外化、知识生成五个维度,从理论上分析知识吸收能力、企业特征与造纸企业创新绩效的关系,并结合造纸业创新的规律和特点,构建本研究的理论模型。其次,依据前文构建的理论模型,设计创新绩效、知识吸收能力等的量表,并通过问卷调查法收集福建省造纸企业的相关数据；再次,应用因子分析法将福建省样本造纸企业的创新绩效、知识选择能力、知识生成能力、知识内化能力和知识外化能力等潜变量的多个观察变量数据转化为综合评价得分。在获得综合评价得分的基础上,运用路径分析法验证知识吸收能力影响造纸企业创新绩效的作用机制,为基于知识吸收能力的造纸企业创新绩效提升策略提供理论基础。最后,基于前文的理论分析和实证研究结果,提出造纸企业创新绩效提升的策略,为造纸企业通过增强知识吸收能力以提升其创新能力提供指导。
本研究的主要结论如下：(1)造纸企业的知识选择、知识生成能力和知识外化能力对造纸企业的创新绩效有显著的正面影响,其中,知识外化能力同时是知识内化能力影响创新绩效的中介变量。(2)造纸企业的知识内化能力对造纸企业的创新绩效没有直接影响,但通过影响知识选择能力、知识外化能力和知识生成能力间接影响造纸企业的整体创新绩效。(3)知识获取能力则通过影响造纸企业的知识内化能力间接影响造纸企业的整体绩效。(4)造纸企业知识选择能力与创新绩效的关系、知识外化能力与创新绩效的关系、知识生成能力与创新绩效的关系、知识吸收能力各维度之间的关系并不依赖于具体的创新形式。(5)造纸企业的企业规模与创新绩效的关系依赖于具体的创新形式。造纸企业的企业规模对整体创新绩效和工艺创新绩效影响不显著,但对产品创新绩效有显著的正影响,与管理创新存在显著的负相关。
本研究的创新之处在于：第一,结合现有的知识转移理论、知识吸收能力理论和知识链模型,将知识吸收能力划分为知识获取、知识选择、知识生成、知识内化和知识外化五个维度,丰富和补充了知识吸收能力的维度划分研究,深化了对知识吸收能力的理解。第二,根据重新进行维度划分的知识吸收能力,在文献回顾和专家访谈的基础上,设计了知识吸收能力五个维度的量表,为今后知识吸收能力概念的测度和相关实证研究提供参考。第三,在理论分析和案例研究的基础上,结合造纸产业创新的规律和特点,构建了强调组织内部知识转移的造纸企业知识吸收能力影响创新绩效的理论模型,丰富了知识吸收能力对创新绩效影响的理论研究。第四,基于企业知识吸收能力对创新绩效影响的理论模型,运用路径分析法验证企业知识吸收能力影响造纸企业创新绩效的作用路径,以及知识吸收能力对造纸企业产品创新、工艺创新和管理创新的影响,从更深层次探讨知识吸收能力作用于创新绩效的根本原因,丰富了造纸企业知识吸收能力和创新绩效关系的理论研究与实证研究。
Paper-making industry, for its highly close interrelationship with other industries, is playing a crucial role in the development of national economy. However, paper-making industry features its capital-intensity, technologyintensity, resource-intensity and energy-intensity, so that its development is limited by factors such as capital, technology, resource, energy, and environment and so on. The Twelfth Five-year Plan Development of Paper-making Industry points out that, paper-making industry of China is confronted with numerous challenges, such as energy conservation and emission reduction, weak capacity for independent innovation, strong independence on imported large-scale paper equipment and restrictions of environment and resource on the rapid expansion development model. Strengthening technological innovation and promoting technological advance is the essential way to realize the sustainable development of paper-making industry. However, comparing with developed countries, our paper-making industry need to do some improvement on product innovation, process innovation, energy saving and emission reduction process innovation. One of reasons resulting in low innovation capacity of paper mills is that the low external knowledge absorptive capacity or that the paper mill does not give enough attention to the integration and utilization of external knowledge, resulting in high innovation cost and low innovation efficiency and poor result, which affects the innovation performance of the paper mill. However, few studys the domestic scholars do are about the external knowledge absorptive capacity of paper mills, nor about the relationship between external knowledge absorptive capacity and innovation performance. Therefore, study on the effect of paper mills'knowledge absorptive capacity on the innovation performance and innovation path is of profound theoretical and practical significance to promote innovation capacity and innovation performance of the paper-making industry of our country.
Combining literature review, integration knowledge transfer theory and knowledge absorptive capacity theory, the study divides knowledge absorptive capacity into five dimensions:knowledge acquisition, knowledge selection, knowledge internalization, knowledge external ization, knowledge generation, theoretically analyzing the relationship among knowledge absorptive capacity, character of paper mills and innovation performance of paper mills, and finally building the theory model combining the characteristics and law of paper mills' innovation. Then, according to the theory model, the scales of innovation performance, knowledge absorptive capacity will be designed and related data of paper-making industries of Fujian province will be collected through questionnaire survey. Next, applying factor analysis method, the observation variable data, including the innovation performance, knowledge selection capacity, knowledge generation capacity, knowledge internalization capacity and knowledge externalization capacity of sample paper mills of Fujian Province, will be transferred into comprehensive evaluation score. On the basis of the comprehensive evaluation score, by path analysis the mechanism of paper mills'knowledge absorptive capacity on its innovation performance will be verified, which provides a theoretical basis for the external knowledge absorption and management of paper mills. Finally, based on the above theoretical analysis and empirical study result, suggestions will be provided for paper mills of Fujian Province on how to enhance innovation capacity through promoting knowledge acquisition and knowledge absorptive capacity.
The conclusion of the study is as follows:firstly, paper mills'knowledge selection, knowledge generation and knowledge externalization capacity have a remarkably positive effect on the innovation performance. At the same time, knowledge externalization capacity plays a role of intermediary variable when the knowledge internalization capacity exerts influence on innovation performance. Secondly, knowledge internalization capacity has no direct effect on the paper mills' overall innovation performance, which is indirectly effected by knowledge selection, knowledge externalization and knowledge generation capacity. Thirdly, knowledge acquisition capacity indirectly influences the overall innovation performance of paper mills through its effect on knowledge internalization capacity. Fourthly, the relationship between knowledge selection capacity and innovation performance, the relationship between knowledge generation and innovation capacity, the relationship between knowledge externalization capacity and innovation capacity and the relationship among different dimensions are independent of specific innovation forms. Fifthly, the relationship between the scale of paper mills and innovation performance is dependent of specific innovation forms. The paper mills'scale has no distinct effect on the overall process innovation performance, but has a obviously positive effect on the overall product innovation performance. And there exists perfect negative correlation between the scale and the management innovation.
The innovation of the study is indicated as follows:firstly, combining the existing knowledge transfer theory, knowledge absorptive capacity theory and knowledge chain model, it divides knowledge absorptive capacity into five dimensions including knowledge acquisition, knowledge selection, knowledge internalization, knowledge externalization, knowledge generation, which complementarily enriches the study about the dimension division of knowledge absorptive capacity and deepens the understanding of knowledge absorptive capacity. Secondly, based on the newly dimension-divided knowledge absorptive capacity, literature review, and interview with experts, scale of five dimensions of knowledge absorptive capacity is designed, providing references for the measure of concept of knowledge absorptive capacity and related empirical study in future days. Thirdly, based on theoretical analysis and case study and combining the innovation law and characteristics of paper-making industry, the study constructs a theory model about the effect of knowledge absorptive capacity of paper mills that attach great importance to internal knowledge transfer on the innovation performance, enriching the theoretical study about effect of knowledge absorptive capacity on innovation performance. Fourthly, based on the theory model of effect of knowledge absorptive; capacity on the innovation performance, and by path-analyzing method, the study verifies the mechanism of knowledge absorptive capacity on the innovation performance, the effect of knowledge absorptive capacity on product innovation and the effect of knowledge absorptive capacity on management innovation, further exploring the fundamental cause for the effect of knowledge absorptive capacity on innovation performance through the path analysis, and enriching the theoretical and empirical study on the relationship between paper mills'knowledge absorptive capacity and innovation performance.
引文
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