摘要
摘要：随着我国经济持续不断的发展,城市化进程不断加速,深基坑工程与日俱增,且凸显出超大规模、超深开挖、几何尺寸不规则、场地狭小、环境复杂敏感等特点。深基坑建设规模与现有设计理论之间的不适应日显突出,现有强度控制设计理论很难满足深基坑工程周边复杂敏感环境对变形的要求。迫切需要建立一套基于变形控制的深基坑设计理论与方法。因此,论文对北京地铁车站深基坑变形特性、变形机理、影响因素、变形对周边环境的影响、控制标准的制定及基于变形控制的深基坑设计与施工方法等进行了系统深入的研究,主要工作及研究成果如下：
(1)针对北京城区地层及环境特点,揭示了北京地铁深基坑的破坏规律。基坑破坏时,最先在地表以下一定深度范围内形成局部剪切带,裂缝发展,导致局部地层失稳,随着失稳范围的增大最终导致基坑破坏。地下水是诱发基坑事故的主要原因之一。结合室内模型试验,得到无支护基坑渐进破坏的规律以及无支护基坑开挖临界稳定深度。北京地区无支护直立基坑的临界稳定深度可达8m。
(2)结合北京地区67个深基坑工程的实测数据,揭示了北京地铁车站深基坑的变形特性。北京地区钻孔灌注桩+内撑支护体系深基坑开挖引起的墙体侧移模式为“中凸形”形。最大侧移介于0.04%~0.218%H之间,平均值为0.103%H。地表变形最终表现为“凹槽形”。最大地表沉降值介于0.034%-0.316%H之间,平均值为0.1%H。
(3)揭示了北京地铁车站深基坑变形的时空规律；根据时空规律提出了预测坑外任意位置地层变形的简化计算公式；给出了北京地铁车站深基坑变形的三维环境影响分区的划分方法。使基于变形控制的北京地铁车站深基坑精细化设计成为可能。
(4)根据建(构)筑物所处沉降槽的位置,应用等代荷载原理分析基坑开挖对周边建(构)筑物的影响,提出三角形荷载作用下的悬臂计算模型和均布荷载作用下的简支模型。该模型能更好的模拟建(构)筑物的受力和变形情况。为制定变形控制标准提供依据。
(5)提出一套系统的基于变形控制的北京地铁车站深基坑设计与施工方法。基于变形控制的深基坑设计是指满足自身和环境安全与正常使用限定条件,与一定时域内变形控制目标相适应的支护体系设计,以及对变形实施控制的技术措施。根据不同的开挖深度,按支护体系刚度和坑外不同位置变形情况绘制一系列设计参考图。
ABSTRACT:With the continuous development of China's economy, Modern city construction, more and more deep foundation pit engineering sprung up, these deep excavations are usually very large scale, super deep excavation, geometric size irregular, site narrow and surrounded by buildings and utilities. The contradiction between deep foundation pit construction scale and technology is becoming increasingly conspicuous. Current strength control design theory has far cannot satisfy the deformation requirements of the surrounding complex sensitive environment. The displacement controlling design is demanded urgently with the development of excavation engineering technology. However, the confusion exists in deep foundation pit design has seriously constrained the scientification, precision and standardization in deep foundation pit construction. Therefore this paper carried out researches on deformation characteristics, mechanism, influences, the influence of deep excavation on environment, control standards, the basic principle and intension of displacement controlling design of Beijing subway station excavation engineering. The main contributions of this thesis are described in the following:
(1) Combined with the Beijing city formation and environmental characteristics, Reveals the damage rule of Beijing subway deep foundation pit. In a foundation pit accident, localized shear band was first formed in a certain depth below the surface, then crack development, lead to local ground instability, eventually led to the accident. Groundwater is one of the main reasons that induced pit accident. Use indoor model test get the damage mechanisem and progressive failure characteristics of unsupported excavation, and validation the critical stable depth.
(2) A database of67case histories of deep excavations in Beijing is presented. Reveals the deformation characteristics of Beijing subway station deep foundation pit. The general profiles of lateral deformation of bored pile wall are " convex shape". The maximum lateral deformations of all excavations, which range from0.04%H to0.218%H, with a mean value of about0.103%H. The final pattern of ground surface deformation is "groove shape", The maximum values of settlement, which range from0.034%H to0.442%H with a mean value of about0.1%H.
(3) According to the time and space law in Beijing subway station, an empirical ground movement estimation expression for any point outside excavation was established. And a zone chart of environmental impact partitions was put forward. These works make design of Beijing subway station deep foundation pit based on deformation control possible.
(4) A deep beam model was established to investigate stress and deflection of building wall subjected to differential ground surface settlement. Proposed the triangular loads cantilever calculation model and computational model of simply supported uniformly distributed loads. This model can better simulate the stress and deformation conditions of built. it can provide evidence for deformation control standards.
(5) Proposed a design and construction system of Beijing subway station excavation based on deformation control. The deformation control theory is the design of bolting system whith must make sure itself and the environment safety and normal use. Draw a series design reference about the supporting system stiffness and deformation of different position outside the pit.
引文
[1]于曙光.深基坑支护事故处理经验录[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[2]钱七虎,戎晓力.中国地下工程安全风险管理的现状、问题及相关建议[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(4)：649-655.
[3]胡琦.超深基坑水、土与围护结构相互作用及设计方法研究[D].浙江大学.
[4]孙钧.城市环境土工学[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,2005.
[5]侯学渊,杨敏.软土地基变形控制设计理论和工程实践[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1996.
[6]王卫东,李进军,徐中华.敏感环境条件下深基坑工程的设计方法[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(S1)：349-354.
[7]孙钧.市区地下连续墙基坑开挖对环境病害的预测与防治[J].西部探矿工程,1994,6(5)：1－7.
[8]李志高.地下综合体深基坑施工环境影响及保护研究[D].同济大学,2006.
[9]Roboski J F. Three-dimensional performance and analyses of deep excavations[D].PhD thesis.Evanston, Ilinois:Northwesten University,2004.
[10]曾远,李志高,王毅斌.基坑开挖对邻近地铁车站影响的因素研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2004,1(4)：642-645.
[11]李淑,张顶立,房倩,等.北京地铁车站深基坑地表变形特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1)：189-198.
[12]朱爱国,沈永洋.关于基坑支护设计现状的几点认识[J].广西土木建筑,2000,25(1)：1－3.
[13]王曙光,温文.深基坑工程事故分析与工程实践[J].地基基础工程,2000,10(2)：1－9.
[14]唐业清,李启民.雀江余编著.基坑工程事故分析与处理[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社1999.
[15]曾宪明等.基坑与边坡事故警示录[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[16]黄茂松,王卫东,郑刚.软土地下工程与深基坑研究进展[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(6)：146－161.
[17]郑刚,焦莹,李竹.软土地区深基坑工程存在的变形与稳定问题及其控制一基坑变形的控制指标及控制值的若干问题[J].施工技术,2011,40(339)：8－14.
[18]徐杨青.深基坑工程优化设计理论与动态变形控制研究[D].武汉理工大学,2011.
[19]孙家乐,张钦喜,刘柯,深基坑支护结构体系变形控制设计,见：侯学渊、杨敏主编,软土地基变形控制设计理论和工程实践,上海：同济大学出版社,1996.
[20]侯学渊,刘国彬,软土基坑支护结构的变形控制设计,见：侯学渊、杨敏主编,软土地基变形控制设计理论和工程实践,上海：同济大学出版社,1996.
[21]贾坚.控制基坑变形的坑内加固机理研究及实践[D]同济大学,2003.
[22]彭社琴.超深基坑支护结构与土相互作用研究一以润扬长江公路大桥南汊北锚碇深基坑工程为例[D].成都理工大学,2009.
[23]Peck, R. B. (1969). Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground. Proc,7th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Engorge,225-281.
[24]Clough G.W., and Duncan J.M. Finite element analyses of retaining wall behavior, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE,1971,97(12):1657-1673.
[25]Clough, G. W., Smith, E. M., and Sweeney, B. P.(1989).Movement control of excavation support systems by iterative design. Proc.ASCE Found. Engrg.:Current Principles and Pract, Vo 1.2 ASCE,New York,869-884
[26]Clough, G. W., and O'Rourke, T. D. (1990).Construction induced movements of in situ walls.Proc. ASCE Conf. on Des. and Perf of Earth Retaining Struct., Geotech. Spec. Publ. No 25, ASCE, New York,439-470.
[27]Moor Mana C. Analysis of wall and ground movements due to deep excavations in soft soil based on a new worldwide database[J]. Soils Found,2004, 44(1):87-98.
[28]Terzagh K, and Peck R.B.. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. Second edition[J]. John Wiley& Sons, New York,1967.
[29]Karlsrud, K. Performance monitoring in deep supported excavations in soft clay. Proc[J], 4th Int. Geo. Seminar, Field Instrumentation and In-Situ Measurement, Nanyang Technological Institute, Singapore,1986:187-202.
[30]Ou, C. Y, Hsien, P. G, and Chiou, D. C. Characteristics of ground surface settlement during excavation[J]. Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa,1993.30:758-767.
[31]Wong, I. H., Poh, T. Y, and Chuah, H. L. Performance of excavations for depressed expressway in Singapore[J] Geotech. And Geoenvir. Engrg., ASCE,1997.123(7),617-625.
[32]Card D R. Ground movements caused by different embedded retaining wall construction techniques. TRL Rep. No.172, Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, U.K.1995.
[33]OU C Y, HSIEH P G, CHIOU D C. Characteristics of ground surface settlement during excavation[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1993,35:758-767.
[34]侯学渊,陈永福(1989).深基坑开挖引起周围地基土沉陷的计算[J].岩土工程师,1989,1(1)：3－13.
[35]徐中华,王建华,王卫东.上海地区深基坑工程中地下连续墙的变形性状[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(8)：81－86.
[36]Ou, C. Y, Hsien, P. G., and Chiou, D. C. (1993). Characteristics of ground surface settlement during excavation. Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa,30,758-767.
[37]Long M Database for retaining wall and ground movements due to deep excavations [J], Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2001,127(3):203-224.
[38]Yoo C. Behavior of braced and anchored walls in soils overlying rock [J], Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2001,127(3):225-233.
[39]Mana A.I., and Clough G.W.. Prediction of movements for braced cuts in clay. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE,1981,107(6):759-777.
[40]Wong K.S., and Broms B.B.. Lateral wall deflections of braced excavation in caly. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1989,115(6):853-870.
[41]Ou C.Y., Chiou D.C., and Wu T.S.. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of deep excavations. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1996,122(5):337-345.
[42]Lee F.H., Yong K.Y., Quan K.C.N., and Chee K.T.. Effect of corners in strutted excavations:field monitoring and case histories. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,1998,124(4):339-349.
[43]Roboski J.F..Three-dimensional performance and analyses of deep excavations. PhD thesis, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois,2004.
[44]Finno, R. J., and Roboski, J. F.2005. "Three-dimensional responses of a tied-back excavation through clay." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.,1313,273-282.
[45]杨雪强,刘祖德.论深基坑支护的空间效应[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(2)：74-78.
[46]雷明锋,彭立敏,施成华等.长大深基坑施工空间效应研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5)：1579-1584,1596.
[47]刘建航,软土基坑工程中时空效应理论与实践,杭州市建筑业管理局报告,杭州,1999
[48]于勇春.软土地区深基坑施工引起的变形及控制研究[D].上海交通大学,2009.
[49]徐浩峰,应宏伟,朱向荣.某深基坑工程监测与流变效应分析[J].工业建筑,2003,33(7)：11-14.
[50]秦爱芳,刘绍峰,胡中雄.基坑软土强度变化特征及坑底施工安全控制[J].地下空间,2003,23(1)：40-44.
[51]刘涛,杨国伟,刘国彬.上海软土深基坑有支撑暴露变形研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(S 1)：1842-1845.
[52]刘国彬,刘登攀,刘丽雯.基坑坑底施工阶段围护墙变形监测分析[J].岩石力学与工：程学报,2007,28(S2)：4386-4394.
[53]刘建航.基坑工程时空效应理论与实践[R].上海市科委课题报告.1997.
[54]贾坚.软十时空效应原理在基坑工程中的应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(4)：490-493.
[55]Yao J. T. P. Concept of Structural Control[J]. Journal of the Structural Division, Vol.98, No.7, July 1972, pp.1567-1574.
[56]Terzaghi K, Peck R B. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice(Second Edition)[M]. New York:John Wiley & Sons,1967.
[57]Bjerrum L, Eide O. Stability of strutted excavations in clay[J]. Geotechnique,1956,6(1): 32-47.
[58]Clough G.W., and Tsui Y.. Performance of tied-back walls in clay. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE,1974,100(12):1259-1273.
[59]LambeT.W., Braeed Exeavation Lateral Stressin the Ground and Design of Earth Retaining Structures, ASCE, Vol.107, GTg,1981 Sunil s. Rishnami.
[60]Sunil S.Rishnami, Ronaldo I. Seepage and Soil-structure Interface Effects in Braced Excavations. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,912-929.
[61]Anthong T. I.. A flexibility number for the displacement controlled design of multi propped retaining walls. Ground engineering,1994, (27):41-45.
[62]Fook-Hou Lee, Kwet-Yew You, Kevin C.N.Quan, Effect of Corners in Structted Excavations:Field Monitorring and Case Histories. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1998:339-349.
[63]曾国熙,潘秋元,胡一峰.软粘土地基基坑开挖性状的研究明[J].岩土工程学报,1988,(3)：13-22.
[64]刘国彬,黄院雄,侯学渊.考虑时空效应的等效土体水平抗力系数的取值研究[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(3)：97－102.
[65]崔玖江.北京地铁新线工程概况暨建设特点、难点、管理要点[J].现代城市轨道交通,2004,(1)：22-26.
[66]罗文林,韩煊,刘炜,北京地区基坑支护技术现状研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(增刊)：1535－1536.
[67]刘建航,侯学渊.基坑工程手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2009：186.
[68]李波.桩锚支护体系在北京一地铁车站深基坑中的应用[J].市政技术,2008,26(4)：348—350.
[69]高华东,霍达,陶连金.北京光彩大厦深基坑开挖现场监测与理论分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(3)：423—427.
[70]刘兴旺,周葛源.北京朝阳广场深基坑支护技术[J].探矿工程：岩土钻掘工程,2006,(10)：8—13.
[71]白韶红.北京银泰中心工程基坑的变形监测[J].岩土工程界,2004,7(9)：79—80.
[72]常江,张君.北京地铁义和庄站基坑支护结构及变形监测[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(3)：149—153.
[73]李运涛,丁前进.地铁深基坑开挖与支承轴力、围护结构变形监测分析[J].铁道建筑技术,2011,(1)：102—104.
[74]张润钊.明挖地铁车站施工中基坑变形及控制[J].市政技术,2010,28(6)：82—85.
[75]张淑娟,李洪厂.北京老城区深基坑支护设计与施工[J].岩土工程界,2008,11(6)：71—75.
[76]唐红霞.国美商都复合十钉支护现场测试与数值分析.硕士学位论文][D].北京：中国地质大学,2007.
[77]马志玲.土钉支护水平位移的规律分析及预测.硕士学位论文][D].北京：中国地质大学,2007.
[78]杨栋.北京财富田嘉茄园基坑支护工程实例分析[J].岩土工程界,2004,7(9)：58—60,63.
[79]段启伟.土钉支护现场实测与数值模拟.硕十学位论文[D].北京：北京交通大学,2006.
[80]曹庭校.北京地铁十号线某深基坑复合土钉支护与机制研究.博十学位论文[D].北京：中国地质大学,2008.
[81]Long M. Database for retaining wall and ground movements due to deep excavations[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2001,127(33):203-224.
[82]龚晓南,高有潮.深基坑工程设计施]：手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1998：20.
[83]Seo M W, Olson S M. Sequential analysis of ground movements at three deep excavation sites with mixed ground profiles[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2010,136(5):656-668.
[84]Hashash Y M A, OSOULI A, MARULANDA C M. Central artery tunnel project excavation induced ground deformations. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2008,134(2):1399-1406.
[85]徐中华,王建东,王卫东.上海地区深基坑工程地下连续墙的变形性状[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(8)：81—86.
[86]Masuda T. Behavior of deep excavation with diaphragm wall [M.S.Thesis][D]. Cambridge, Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1993.
[87]Fernie, Suckling. Simplified approach for estimating lateral movement of embedded walls in U.K. ground[C]//Proceedings.International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground. London:[s.n.],1996:131-136.
[88]张冬霁.考虑空间与时间效应的基坑工程数值分析研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,杭州,2000.
[89]高文华,沈蒲生,杨林德.基坑开挖中地层移动的影响因素分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8)：1153－115.
[90]Leung E H Y, NG C W W. Wall and ground movements associated with deep excavations supported by cast in situ wall in mixed ground conditions[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2007,133(2):129-143.
[91]Son M.. The response of buildings to excavation-induced ground movements. PhD thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois,2003.
[92]吕少伟,唐益群.上海浅气层工程危害机理试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(6)：734-737.
[93]刁伟轶.紧贴运营地铁车站深基坑施工侧向变形相关性探析[J].地下工程与隧道,2008,(3)：19-21,30.
[94]Hsieh P.G., and Ou C.Y.. Use of modified hyperbolic model in excavation analysis under undrained condition. Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society (SEAGS),1997,28(2):123-150.
[95]姚宣德.浅埋暗挖法城市隧道及地下工程施工风险分析与评估[D].北京交通大学博士论文.2009.
[96]李志高.地下综合体深基坑施工环境影响及保护研究[D].同济大学博士论文.2006.
[97]徐强,季翔.软土地区基坑施工对周边建筑物的破坏机理与控制标准[J].科技创新导报,2009,(35)：80.
[98]李海峰.浅埋暗挖隧道施工地表沉降的规律及其对既有构筑物的影响分析[D].北京交通大学硕士论文.2008.
[99]刘毅.地铁隧道开挖对建筑结构沉降控制标准研究[D].西南交通大学硕士论文.2009.
[100]赵志民.隧道施工引起土体位移与应力的镜像理论研究以及回归方法的应用[D].天津大学博士论文.2004.
[101]潘洪科,边亚东,张玉国等.基坑工程稳定性分析与预测的两种方法[J].矿业研究与开发,2007,27(6)：27-29.
[102]唐孟雄,赵锡宏.深基坑周围地表沉降及变形分析[J].建筑科学,1996,(4)：31-35.
[103]Burland.J.B, Wroth.C.P. Settlement of buildings and associated damage[C]//Proeeedings of a Conferenceon Settlement of Structures. Cambridge:[s. n.]. 1974:611-654.
[104]曾林海.盾构隧道穿越桩基—框架结构的影响研究[D].华南理工大学硕士论文.2010.
[105]易小明,张顶立,李鹏飞.隧道下穿时地表房屋变形开裂的定量评估[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11)：2288—2294.
[106]侯艳娟.城市隧道施工影响下地层与建筑物结构的动态作用关系及其应用[D].北京交通大学博土论文.2010.
[107]王星.城市地下隧道施工对邻近建筑物的影响及控制研究[D].湖南大学硕士论文.2009.
[108]李志高.地下综合体深基坑施工环境影响及保护研究[D].同济大学博士论文.2006.
[109]Bjerrum I. Allowable settlement of structures[C].Proceedings European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Weisbaden, Germany:[s. n.].1963:135 一137.
[110]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.GB 50011 2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[111]重庆市土地房屋管理局.JGJ125—99危险房屋鉴定标准[s].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[112]上海市建设委员会.DBJ08—61—97上海市基坑工程设计规程[S].上海：1997.
[1 13]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[S].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2000.
[114]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50007—2002建筑地基基础设计规范[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[115]Boscard M.D., and Cording E.J. Building Response to Excavation Induced Settlement[J] Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE,1989,115(1):121.
[116]陈旭.高速铁路基坑邻近建筑物的监测及安全评价[D].长沙理工大学硕士论文.2010.
[117]刘海燕.遂道开挖对地面建筑结构的影响研究[D].安徽理工大学硕士论文.2005.
[118]李博.隧道建设及运营对建筑物的影响规律研究[D]同济大学硕士论文.2007.
[119]郑小雪.砂卵石地层盾构施工对邻近建筑物稳定性影响研究[D].西南交通大学硕十论文.2008.
[120]吴锋波.城市轨道交通地下工程风险等级标准研究[J].施工技术,2012,41(4)：17-21.
[121]Grant R., Christian J.T., and Vanmarcke E.H. Differential Settlement of Buildings[J] Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE,1974,100(9):973 991.
[122]颜东利,张桂才.建筑物允许沉降量之探讨[J].地工技术,1991,34(6)：78—96.
[123]张钦喜霍达王北和.深基坑锚拉支护体系变形控制设计理论与应用[J],土木工程学报,1999,21(2)：161－165.
[124]欧章煜,深开挖工程分析设计理论与实务[M].台北：科技图书股份有限公司,2004.
[125]Bjerrum L. Allowable Settlements of Structures[C].Proceedings of the European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol.2, Weisbaden, Germany, 1963, pp.135 137.
[126]颜东利,张桂才.建筑物允许沉降量之探讨[J].地工技术,1991,34(6)：78—96.
[127]陈惠珠.在软弱地层中采用盾构法施工及对地层、建筑物影响的探讨[J].隧道建设,1990,(2)：29—38.
[128]韩煊,JamieR Standing,李宁.地铁施工引起的建筑物扭曲变形分析[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(1)：82—88.
[129]台湾建筑学会.建筑技术规则建筑构造编基础构造设计规范[M],台北,1989.
[130]四川省建设委员会.GB 50292—1999民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准[s].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[131]日本建筑学会.开挖挡士之设计与施工指南[M],日本,1988.
[132]日本建筑学会.建筑基础构造设计指针[S].日本：1988.
[133]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[s].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2000.
[134]华东建筑设计研究院有限公司,上海交通大学.上海市基坑工程技术规范编制环 境影响分析专题研究报告[R].上海,2009.
[135]Skempton, MacDonald. Allowable settlement of buildings[C]//Proceedings Institute of Civil Engineers. [S.l.]:[s.n.],1956(1):727-768.
[136]Grant R., Christian JT, Vanmarcke EH. Differential Settlement of buildings[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE,1974,100(9):973-911.
[137]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[S].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2000.
[138]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50497—2009建筑基坑工程监测技术规范[S].北京：中国计划出版社,2009.
[139]李琳.工程降水对深基坑性状及周围环境影响的研究[D].同济大学博士论文.2007.
[140]薛丽影.土钉支护结构的侧向变形对基坑周边环境影响的试验研究[D].中国建筑科学研究院硕士论文.2005.
[141]张钦喜,孙家乐,刘柯.深基坑锚拉支护体系变形控制设计理论与应用[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(2)：161－165.
[142]龚晓南.基坑工程发展中应重视的几个问题[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(B11)：1321－1324.
[143]赵志民.隧道施工引起土体位移与应力的镜像理论研究以及回归方法的应用[D].大津大学博士论文.2004.
[144]许锡吕.土压力问题与基坑变形分析[D].中国科学院研究生院(武汉岩土力学研究所)博士论文.2004.
[145]龚晓南.关于基坑工程的几点思考[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(9)：99-102,108.
[146]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DG/TJ08—61—2010基坑工程技术规范[S].上海：上海市建筑建材业市场管理总站,2010.
[147]广州市建设委员会.GJB02—98广州地区建筑基坑支护技术规定[S].广州：1998.
[148]深圳地区建筑深基坑支护技术规范.SJG 05-96,深圳,1996.
[149]北京市建设委员会.DB11/490-2007地铁工程监控量测规程[S].北京：2007.
[150]沈健,王建华,高绍武,基于“m”法的深基坑支护结构三维分析方法[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(4)：530-533
[151]Chambosse.G, Otterbein.R. State of the art of compensation grouting in Germany [A].Proc.15th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering [C].Istanbul, Turkey. Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,2001,1511-1514.
[152]S.K.A.Au, K.Soga, M.D.Bolton. Effect of Multiple Injection on Long-tern Compensation Grouting-Laboratory and Numerical Studies [A]. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground [C]. Toulouse, France:R. Kastner,2002, 657-661.
[153]侯学渊,刘国彬,黄院雄,城市基坑工程发展的几点看法[J].施工技术,2000,29(1)：5-7.
[154]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JGJ120-99.建筑基坑支护技术规程.[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[155]边亦海.基于风险分析的软土地区深基坑支护方案选择[D].同济大学博士论文.2006.
[156]孙钧.市区基坑开挖施工的环境土工问题[J].地下空间,1999,19(4)：1－2.159
[157]朱合华,刘庭金,郑国平,孙凯.预应力锚索围护桩支护方案可行性有限元分析[J].地 下空间.2003,3：213-234.
[158]蔡袁强,赵永倩,吴世明,陈云敏,汤翔宇,软土地基深基坑中双排桩式围护结构有限元分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),1997,31(4)·442-448.
[159]杨敏,冯又全,王瑞祥.深基坑支护结构的力学分析及与实测结果的比较[J].建筑结构学报.1999,4：211－213
[160]陈沙,王贻荪.复杂土层深基坑挡士桩受力分析[J].工程建设与设计.2000,1：45-51
[161]林鸣,徐伟.深基坑工程信息化施工技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[162]夏才初,潘国荣,土木工程监测技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[163]杨林德,仇圣华.基坑围护结构位移量预测与稳定性预测[J].岩土力学,2001,22(3)：267~270.
[164]白廷辉.上海轨道交通深基坑工程新技术与实践[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(4)：554-560.
[165]魏道垛,胡中雄.上海浅层地基土的前期固结压力及有关压缩性参数的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1980,2(4)：13-22.
[166]刘金元.软土基坑的离心模型试验研究[D].同济大学博十学位论文.1999.
[167]马险峰,张海华,朱卫杰,等.超深基坑开挖对超临近高层建筑影响的离心模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(S 1)：499-504.
[168]王素霞.基坑开挖对临近建筑物影响的数值分析研究[D].南京工业大学硕十论文.2006.
[169]吴古瑞.盾构扩挖修建地铁车站对临近建筑物影响研究[D].西南交通大学硕十论文.2009.
[170]傅金阳.富水复合地层浅埋暗挖地铁施工对邻近建筑物影响分析[D].中南大学硕十论文.2010.
[171]滕红军.城市隧道穿越地面建筑物的安全风险控制[D].北京交通大学硕士论文.2007.
[172]赵荣欣.软土地基基坑工程的环境效应及对策研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学,1999.
[173]黄海滨.海地铁车站施工中的环境保护技术[D]同济大学博士学位论文,2000.
[174]谢弘帅.紧贴运营地铁车站深基坑施工变形控制研究[D].博士学位论文.上海：同济大学,2005.
[175]李志高.地下综合体深基坑施工环境影响及保护研究[D].博士学位论文.上海：同济大学,2006.
[176]谢秀栋.软土地区深基坑施工变形安全性状的时间特性研究[D].博士学位论文.上海：同济大学,2007.
[177]赵建夏,黄力平.地下连续墙施工中的常见事故及对策[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(4)：37-39,47.