摘要
无泡曝气膜生物反应器(MABR)是将膜技术与生物技术结合起来产生的一种新型膜生物反应器。MABR不仅具有极高的氧气利用率和很高的为微生物供氧能力,而且具有操作过程能耗低的特点。由于曝气过程中没有气泡形成,MABR运行过程中废水中的易挥发性物质不会被吹脱进入空气,也不会由于表面活性剂的存在而产生气泡。
本论文设计出了新颖的MABR膜组件和反应器装置,利用合成废水对MABR去除有机物和去除氨氮的机理及过程进行了深入研究,并对利用MABR进行生活污水处理进行了探讨。
首先通过比较分析选择和制备了薄壁小内径的聚丙烯中空纤维膜作为微生物膜的载体,研制了一套实验室小型MABR装置。实验中采用循环挂膜法,实现了MABR系统的快速启动并探讨了载体表面微生物膜的形成过程。利用合成污水主要成份可控的特点较为系统地考察了实验条件对COD去除的影响。研究结果表明:本论文所研制的MABR装置对废水中的COD具有迅速的去除能力和显著的去除效果,同时对废水中的氨氮具备良好的去除能力。通过对不同膜内腔供氧压力条件下去除有机物的跟踪测试,揭示了MABR去除COD和去除氨氮的规律,指出掌握合适的操作条件对于有效脱除废水中的氨氮是非常重要的。
在此基础上,重点考察了微生物膜的驯化、反应过程pH值、中空纤维供氧压力、水利停留时间、废水循环速度、反应温度等因素对MABR进行生活污水处理效果的影响。实验过程中,尽管每次生活污水进水水质差别很大,但经过MABR处理后,出水COD浓度通常保持在30mg/L以下,污水中的悬浮物也被有效降至15mg/L以下,污水中的氨氮得到了有效去除。
通过MABR处理合成废水和生活污水的实验研究表明,MABR能够在单一反应器内同时实现COD去除和氨氮的硝化与硝酸盐氮反硝化。相比传统的污水处理工艺,MABR具有氧利用率高、节能、高效、多功能一体化、污泥量少、连续运行、集成可控、占地少等诸多优势,具有很好的应用前景。
Membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a new type of membrane bioreactors developed by combining membrane technology and biotechnology in recent years,. MABR not only has a high utilization of oxygen and a high oxygen supply capacity for organisms, but also operates with energy-saving. Moreover, it is because of no bubble formation in the aeration process, there are not any volatile organic compounds stripped into the air during MABR wastewater treatment.
A novel membrane module and a MABR reactor device were designed in this study. The mechanisms of MABR organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen removal were studied. Further more, MABR sewage treatment was discussed.
By Comparative analysis, polypropylene hollow fiber membrane with a thin wall and small diameter were selected and prepared as biofilm supports. A set of small laboratory MABR device was developed. A quick start of MABR system was achieved by circulating the culture solution through the hollow fiber bundle in the reactor and the formation process of the biofilm on the hollow fiber surface was discussed. The effects of operation conditions on the COD removal were investigated by running the MABR system consisting of the synthetic wastewater in which all the major components are controllable. The results indicated that the MABR installation developed in this project showed a rapid remove capacity of COD in wastewater and significant removal in quantity, and a good ability in the removal of ammonia in wastewater. The laws of the MABR conduct COD and ammonia nitrogen removal were revealed by the track test running at different oxygen pressure in the lumen side of hollow fibers. It is pointed out that the appropriate operating conditions are very important for effectively removing ammonia in wastewater.
On this basis, the effects of the biofilm domestication, pH, oxygen pressure in hollow fibers, HRT, wastewater recycling rate and temperature on the MABR sewage treatment were mainly investigated. The effluent COD concentration was usually maintained at 30 mg/L below and the sewage SS was effectively reduced to 15 mg/L below even if influent quality varied greatly during the MABR experiments. Meanwhile, ammonia in wastewater was effectively removed.
The both studies of the synthetic wastewater MABR treatment and domestic sewage MABR treatment identify that MABR could achieve COD removal and simultaneously ammonia nitrogen nitrification and nitrate nitrogen denitrification in a single reactor at the same time. Compared to conventional wastewater treatment processes, MABR has many advantages, such as high oxygen utilization, energy conservation, high efficiency, multi-functional integration, less sludge, continuous operation, integration and easily controllable and others, and has good prospects.
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