公务员考核是一个公认的世界性难题，世界各国政府对公务员考核制度尽管花了很大精力研究，追求对公务员考核的公平、公正和客观，但至今难以形成一套通用的科学方法。公务员考核是我国政治体制改革中的重要课题，是社会主义市场经济体制发展的必然要求与社会和谐发展所面临的历史任务。公务员考核是我国公务员制度的重要内容，也是在经济全球化、新公共管理冲击下，我国人事管理改革的重要组成部分，所以对公务员考核制度的研究，具有重要的历史意义与现实意义。针对面临的共同时代问题，各国应加强政府部门及公务员考核制度研究成果及实践经验的相互交流与合作。
在引进欧美等西方国家先进的考核理论与方法的同时，我们更应该重视与一衣带水近邻日本进行公务员考核制度的交流与学习。因为，同样作为东方国家的日本与我国有很多相似之处。首先，具有相似的东方传统文化的生态环境；其次，日本也经历了西方公务员制度与本土结合的发展历程；再次，我国正经历着与日本二战后经济高速发展相类似的阶段。另外，更重要的一点是，举世公认，日本的公务员制度的完善，是其经济腾飞不可忽略的因素。同时，希望以公务员考核制度为视角，加强两国公务员制度方面的学术交流与沟通，促进中日两国政府间的更多了解，推动两国关系的改善与发展。所以，对中日公务员考核制度的比较研究具重要的理论与实践意义。
本文参考了我国最新颁布的《中华人民共和国公务员法》、《公务员考核规定(试行)》与国内外学者的研究成果，翻阅了日本的《国家公务员法》、《地方公务员法》、《勤务评定的根本基准》和《公务员制度改革大纲》等法规条例及大量的日文书籍、原始资料。主要运用了文献分析法与比较研究法，从公务员考核制度的视角，通过比较研究中日两国公务员考核制度，探究了日本公务员制度成功之处的原因及具体做法。提出从价值取向与动机结合为核心，加强文化建设为导向，采取一系列具体措施完善我国公务员考核制度体系的创新观点。
本文由七章构成，可以分为三部分。第一部分即第一章，中日公务员制度异同的比较。比较出发达国家类型的日本公务员制度比发展中国家类型的我国公务员制度，在法律制度、考核体系方面的异同。第二部分，是由第二章、第三章、第四章及第五章组成的主体部分，对中日公务员考核制度进行了全面的对比研究。其中，第二章中日公务员考核原则及价值取向之比较。得出两国在考核制度的理念与指导上的不同，是两国公务员考核制度不同的内在原因。第三章，中日公务员考核的内容及标准体系之比较，通过对我国公务员考核内容中，德、能、勤、绩、廉与日本公务员勤务评定内容的工作实绩、工作能力、个人性格及适应性的比较，分析得出我国在考核指标体系设定与考核结果等次方面存在的问题；第四章、第五章，对于公务员考核的运行机制从考核主体、考核程序、考核方式方法与考核效力等四个方面进行了具体的分析比较。指出我国在公务员考核主体方面应要加强法制、制度、专业化建设，应规范化考核程序与平时考核，同时揭示
了日本公务员考核主体缺乏培训、考核程序不公开原则等弊端；另外，总结了两国不同的考核方法，说明了日本的公务员考核效力与培训、薪酬结合的长处；第三部分，是由第六章、第七章组成的结论部分。通过中日公务员制度现状及两国考核制度发展趋势之比较，阐述了两国当前公务员制度中存在的问题及今后公务员考核的发展走向与改革重点；对中国公务员考核制度建设的启示中，试图从改善公务员考核制度的根源——文化建设，到制度完善及具体操作等三个层次为我国公务员考核制度的构建模式与运作方式提出了具有参考价值的建议及可操作性的方案。
As is well-known, civil servant assessment is a worldwide difficult problem. Though many efforts have been made to pursue a fair, just and objective assessment of civil servant, there is no common scientific method so far. Civil servant assessment is an important issue in the politic system reformation of our country, a necessary demand of the development of socialism market economy system and a historical task faced by the harmonious development of social politics and economy. Civil servant assessment is an important part of the civil servant constitution of our country and of our country's reformation of personnel management, therefore studies on the civil servant constitution are of critical historical and realistic significance. As for the shared current problems, every country should enhance exchange and cooperation of the research findings and practical experiences on the constitution of civil servant assessment.
We should place more emphases on exchanging with and learning from Japan about the constitution of civil servant including civil servant assessment, when we try to introduce advanced assessment theories and methods from western countries. Our country had sent ministers to make an extensive investigation and study on Japanese civil servant
constitution. After PRC founded, our country had cooperated with Japan in many related issues and performed many profound close exchanges, when establishing civil servant constitution in the 1990s. As oriental countries, our country have many similar aspects with Japan. First, both have an environment featured by similar oriental traditional culture. Second, Japan had also experienced a developmental course to combine western civil servant constitution with native surroundings. Third, our country is undertaking a fast economic development now just as Japan had done after World War Two. In addition, as is well-known cross the world, the consummation of Japanese civil servant constitution is a indispensable factor of its booming economic development. I hope to take civil servant assessment constitution as a perspective in order to strengthen academic exchanges and communication about civil servant constitution between two countries, to promote more understanding between Chinese government and Japanese government, to impel improvement and development of the relationship between two countries. So, it is of profound significance to make a comparative study on Chinese and Japanese civil servant assessment constitution.
This dissertation has referred to
and of the Reformation of Civil Servant Constitution> etc and a lot of books written in Japanese and original data. Philological analysis method and comparative study method are employed to explore the causes and concrete means of the success of Japanese civil servant constitution by comparing Chinese and Japanese civil servant assessment constitution from the perspective of civil servant assessment constitution. A new point is put forward taking value orientation and motivation as core and reinforcing culture construction as direction and taking a series of concrete measures to improve the system of our country's civil servant assessment constitution.
The dissertation is composed of seven chapters and can be divided into three parts. The first part is the first chapter, that is comparison between Chinese and Japanese civil servant constitution. I point out the excellence and difference in law, constitution and the assessment system of Japanese civil servant constitution characterized as an advanced type over Chinese civil servant constitution characterized as a developing type. The second part is the main body composed of the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth chapter. It has made a comprehensive comparative study on Chinese and Japanese civil servant assessment constitution. The second chapter deals with the comparison of the principles and value orientation between Chinese and Japanese civil servant assessment and comes to a conclusion that the difference of ideas and instructions is the inner reason
for the difference between Chinese and Japanese civil servant assessment constitution. The third chapter is comparison of the content and the system of standard between Chinese and Japanese civil servant assessment constitution. By comparing virtue, competence, diligence, performance, cleanness in Chinese civil servant assessment constitution with performance, capability, personality and adaptability in Japanese civil servant assessment constitution, the problems in the setting of target system and result of Chinese civil servant assessment constitution are revealed. In the fourth and fifth chapters, the running mechanisms of civil servant assessment are analyzed and compared concretely in assessment subject, assessment procedure, assessment methods and assessment effect. I point out that constructions of legal system, constitution and specialization should be strengthened in Chinese civil servant assessment subject and that attention should be paid on regulating and intensifying routine assessment in assessment procedure and at the same time reveal the disadvantages of Japanese civil assessment subject's lacking training and assessment procedure not being public; I conclude the differences between the two countries' assessment methods and show the superiority of combining assessment effect with training and salary in Japanese civil servant assessment. The third part is the conclusion composed of the sixth chapter and the seventh chapter. By comparing status quo and development tendency of Chinese civil servant assessment constitution
with those of Japan, I expound the existing problems and the tendency and the keys of reformation in the future. As for the enlightenment to the construction of Chinese civil servant assessment constitution, I try to provide consultative suggestions and applicable plans for the modeling and running mode of Chinese civil servant assessment constitution from culture construction, constitution improvement and operation that are key points of improving civil servant assessment constitution.