摘要
半导体照明是指用全固态半导体发光器件(即LED)作为光源的照明。它是半导体发光材料技术高速发展和“绿色照明”深入人心的产物,具有高效、节能、寿命长、环保、易维护等系列优点,是近年全球最有发展前景的高新技术领域之一,是人类照明史上继白炽灯、荧光灯之后又一次照明光源的伟大革新。2003年6月我国开始大规模启动半导体照明工程,2008年我国半导体照明产业产值已达700亿元,预计到2015年产业规模将达1500亿元。目前半导体照明有着巨大的市场与技术创新空间,现正迎来蓬勃发展的春天,对提升传统照明工业、带动相关产业发展、促进社会经济等意义重大。
本文首先对DC-DC几种非隔离型拓扑进行了分析,如各电路结构原理及不同阶段模态电压电流特性、影响功率因数及总谐波畸变THD(Total Harmonic Distortion)相关因素等,接着探讨了APFC(Active Power Factor Correction)常用几种控制技术,如峰值电流控制法、平均电流控制法等,研究了其电路结构原理、控制动态过程、各自特性及待改进的问题等。这些工作是半导体照明驱动控制系统将要改善及优化设计关键,为控制系统的改善提供了很好的理论构建。随后从简化结构降低成本、节能、高效、高响应及强稳定性等要求出发,提出了以下3种新型非隔离的高效大功率半导体照明驱动新系统：
1.基于boost驱动器提出了一种利用平均电流双环控制新型驱动方法。在传统平均电流原理基础上采用辅助电感缓冲电路和函数发生器平均电流双环控制新方法,创建了基于函数发生器的电流控制boost型新系统。着重对辅助电感与函数发生器电流控制boost型驱动系统进行了研究(包括控制环设计及稳定性分析),并作了系统仿真论证。本控制系统消除乘法器、无需检测电感电流等传统方法,且具有结构简单可靠、功率因数高、抗干扰强及高稳定输出等优点。
2.在buck-boost驱动器基础上提出了一种大功率高效系统的优化设计。基于其主电路结构原理及工作模式特性等方面作了探讨,结合状态空间平均法和电压控制系统模型方法,采用PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)控制技术,通过理论整定分析及Ziegler--Nichols工程整定设计,创建了PID校正网络的降压／升压电压模式控制新系统,随后利用SIMULINK及SIMPOWERSYSTEMS等高性能软件系统进行了仿真。被优化创新的控制系统采用PID网络补偿技术等措施,大大提高了系统响应速度、动态性能、鲁棒性,消除了稳态误差等,对外界环境的变化适应性强。
3.基于CUK变换器主控制系统提出一种新型控制实现方法。探讨了主电路原理及相关特性,利用零电压转换改进策略来减少开关功耗,提出了一种大信号、非线性动态控制OCC(One Cycle Control)前馈控制技术并构建了一个新的驱动系统,通过SIMULINK及SIMPOWERSYSTEMS等软件进行了仿真分析,并对其系统工作动态相应关系式给予了推导,论证了系统的高效性,实现了高功率因数,提高了抗输入扰动与负载变化扰动能力等性能。
最后对半导体照明控制关键器件作了一系列可靠性分析,包括LED、MOSFET、快恢复二极管等器件,如材料结构、工作动态性能等方面一一加以分析。这对提高系统的高效率、强稳定、低成本性等起着关键性作用。
以上工作对今后半导体照明驱动系统进一步优化具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。
Semiconductor lighting refers to using all-solid-state light-emitting device as a light source lighting. It is a product of the high-speed development of the semiconductor light-emitting materials technology and "green lighting", with a series of advantages such as high efficiency, energy saving, long lifetime, environmental friendly, easy to maintain, etc., It is one of the world's most promising high-tech fields in recent years and a great light source innovations after incandescent, fluorescent in the human lighting history. In June2003, China began to launch a large-scale semiconductor lighting project. In2008, the China's semiconductor lighting industry output value reached70billion RMB, and the industry output value is expected to reach150billion RMB in2015. Semiconductor lighting has a huge market and technology innovation space in a booming spring now. And it has a great significance of many aspects such as upgrading traditional lighting industry, developing the related industries, promoting social economy.
First, several non-isolated DC-DC topologies and APFC commonly used control technology are researched and analyzed, such as the circuit structure principles, the different stages modal voltage and current characteristics, the PFC and total harmonic distortion THD, then APFC commonly used control technology such as the peak current control method, the average current control method is analyzed and its circuit structure principle, the dynamic control process, the respective characteristics and the needed improvement issues are studied. These works are the key entry point of semiconductor lighting driving control system improvement and optimization design and provide a good theoretical construction for the control system innovation. Subsequently, three new high efficient non-isolated high-power semiconductor lighting driving systems are proposed with requirements such as simplified structure, low cost, energy-saving, high efficiency, fast response, strong stability.
1, A new driving method of the average current double loop control is proposed based on boost converter. The auxiliary inductor buffer circuit and function generator novel average current double-loop control method are adopted to create a new boost driving system on the basis of the traditional average current control. The new driving system based on auxiliary inductor and function generator novel current control is studied and designed including the control loop design and stability analysis. The system simulation demonstration is followed. The new control system eliminates the multiplier, without input voltage detection appeared in the traditional methods, the structure is simple, reliable, having a high power factor, a strong anti-interference and high output stability.
2, A high-power-efficient optimization system is proposed on the basis of the buck-boost converter. Firstly, the main circuit structure principles and mode characteristics are researched and analyzed. Combined with the state space averaging method and voltage control system model method, a new buck-boost voltage mode control system with PID correction network is created by using theoretical and Ziegler-Nichols engineering setting methods of PID control technology. System simulation analysis is followed by the use of high performance software SIMULINK and SIMPOWERSYSTEMS. The results show that the optimized control system with PID network compensation technology improves the response speed, the system dynamic performance, the robustness greatly, and eliminates the steady state error, enhances the adaptability to the external environment changes.
3, Based on the master control system in the CUK converter, a novel controlled realization method is presented. Its main circuit structure principles and operating characteristics are researched and analyzed firstly. Using a zero voltage conversion improvement strategies to reduce the switching power consumption, a new feed forward control driving system is built with a large signal, nonlinear dynamic control OCC technology. System simulation analysis is followed by the use of high performance software SIMULINK and SIMPOWERSYSTEMS, and its system dynamic working corresponding relationships are given. It has been verified that the new driving system has high system efficiency, high power factor, large improvement of anti-input disturbance and anti-load disturbance.
Finally, a series of important reliability analysis of the semiconductor lighting control key devices including LED, MOSFET, fast recovery diode devices is made from the material structure, working dynamic performance. This plays a key role in control systems to reduce cost, improve system efficiency, enhance stability.
The working results above have a great value and significance to further optimization and improvement of the semiconductor lighting driving system in the future.
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