摘要
不锈钢材料不锈耐蚀,外观精美,具有良好的力学和工艺性能,是一种外观及使用性能优异的建筑材料,但其受力性能与普通碳素钢存在显著不同：应力—应变关系表现为典型非线性,无屈服平台,比例极限较低,应变硬化性能显著。目前国内对不锈钢结构力学性能方面的研究相对较少,又无相关设计标准,极大地限制了不锈钢材料在建筑结构中的应用与发展。本文对薄壁不锈钢轴压构件的极限承载力进行了深入研究。
首先对国内外不锈钢应力—应变关系模型的研究成果进行梳理,通过介绍、分析、比较和验证,筛选最佳不锈钢材料应力—应变关系模型。结果表明Quach提出的三段式模型具有较高精度且可采用Ramberg-Osgood三参数表示,是目前可供选用的最佳模型。
然后针对不锈钢材料,利用广义梁理论基本原理,推导出适用于非线性材料的修正广义梁理论平衡方程,提出不锈钢薄板受压局部屈曲、卷边槽形截面柱畸变屈曲及箱形截面柱弯曲屈曲荷载计算公式。结果表明其计算值与既有试验结果吻合良好,具有较高精度,可用于不锈钢薄板受压局部屈曲荷载、卷边槽形截面柱畸变屈曲荷载及箱形截面柱弯曲屈曲荷载的确定。
接下来基于既有试验结果建立有限元分析模型,对四边简支不锈钢薄板均匀受压的局部稳定性能进行研究,结合大量参数分析对Winter稳定曲线进行修正,提出适用于不锈钢材料的薄板均匀受压极限承载力和箱形截面构件局部屈曲承载力计算公式。
之后对薄壁不锈钢圆管柱轴心受压性能进行试验研究,包括标准材料拉伸试验、短柱轴向受压试验和长柱轴向受压试验,并基于试验结果对材料性能、破坏形态、位移、应力分布和初始缺陷等进行分析。
接着利用有限元软件对上述试验进行数值模拟,建立精确的有限元模型,并通过大量参数分析考察包括长细比、壁厚、直径、径厚比、初始缺陷、材料性能等因素对薄壁不锈钢圆管柱轴心受压极限承载能力的影响,提出临界修正长细比和容许径厚比计算公式。
最后对薄壁不锈钢圆管柱轴心受压的屈曲性能进行理论分析,并就几种国外不锈钢结构设计规范中的轴压构件极限承载力计算方法进行介绍,最终基于大量有限元分析结果提出薄壁不锈钢圆管长柱、短柱轴心受压极限承载力计算方法。结果表明其计算值与有限元结果吻合良好,与国外规范计算方法相比具有较高精度且偏于安全,可用于薄壁不锈钢圆管柱轴心受压构件极限承载力的确定。
Stainless steel is characterized by its outstanding corrosion resistance, aesthetics virtue, ease of forming and good mechanical performances, which make it an excellent construction material with great appearance and behavior. However, its material properties and mechanical behavior are distinct form carbon steel, featuring for non-linear stress-strain curve, no yield plateau, low proportionality stress, and significant strain-hardening capability. Domestically, there are no sufficient researches or design codes on mechanical behavior of stainless steel members, which limits the development of stainless steel application in structure engineering. The ultimate bearing capacity of thin-walled stainless steel members in axial compression is systemically researched in this paper.
Firstly, the paper reviews the researches in strain-stress relations models home and abroad, after introducing, analyzing and comparing, presents the best stress-strain model for stainless steel material. It is shown that the three-stage stress-strain model proposed by Quach, which is defined by the three basic Ramberg-Osgood parameters, is the most accurate stress-strain model for stainless steel material.
Next, by incorporating modifications into the conventional Generalized Beam Theory, the paper derives the equilibrium equation which could be used in non-linear elastic metallic materials, and the expressions are formulated to calculate the local buckling loads of stainless steel plates, the distortional buckling loads of stainless steel lipped channels section columns and the global buckling loads of stainless steel box section columns. Comparing with the existed test results, it is shown that the modified GBT method produces reliable results, which could be used in determining the buckling strength of thin-walled stainless steel members in compression.
Then FE models are established for analyzing the local buckling behaviour of stainless steel plates in compression, which is based on the results of existing test. After revising the winter curve through the parametric analysis, the expressions are proposed for determining the local buckling strength of stainless steel thin-walled plates and rectangular hollow section members in compression.
And then, the paper presents tests on thin-walled stainless steel tubular members in compression, including material tensile property, stub column and long column tests. Based on the tests results, analysis is conducted on material properties, failure modes, displacements, strain distribution and initial imperfection.
After developing a consistent FE model based on the tests results, extensive parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effect of slenderness, diameter, thickness, diameter-thickness ratio, initial imperfection and material properties on the buckling strength of thin-walled stainless steel tubular members in compression. The formulas are proposed to calculate the critical modified slenderness and limiting diameter-thickness ratio.
Finally, the paper presents theoretical analysis on buckling behavior of thin-walled members in axial compression, as well as introduces several methods of determining buckling resistance in stainless steel structures design code of foreign country. At last, the expressions are proposed for determining the ultimate bearing capacity of thin-walled stainless steel tubular long columns and stub columns. Comparing with the numerical analysis results, it is shown that the expressions, which produce more reliable results than the existing design code, could be used in determining the ultimate bearing capacity of thin-walled stainless steel members in compression.
引文
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