摘要
为解决高能发射药装药采用液体硅油作为高效缓蚀剂的装填问题,论文研究了用原位聚合法制备以脲醛树脂为壁材、以硅油为芯材的微胶囊制备工艺,研究分析了不同乳化剂、不同分散乳化时间、pH值、搅拌速度、酸化时间和固化温度等工艺条件对硅油微胶囊形貌、粒径大小和粒径分布的各种影响因素和影响关系,将硅油制备成了以脲醛树脂为壁材的微胶囊,并采用烧蚀管法测定了其降烧蚀性能。
实验结果表明,反应体系的乳化剂是决定微胶囊化成功与否的关键因素,它对微胶囊的形貌起着至关重要的作用;搅拌速度是微胶囊制备中的另外主要影响因子;在缩聚过程中加酸的速度直接影响到所形成的微胶囊的粒径大小;另外,在缩聚过程中pH值高低对微胶囊囊壁质量有影响,当pH值在4.0～5.5之间时,形成的囊壁疏松,很容易被破坏,pH值低时,形成的微胶囊囊壁坚硬,不容易破坏。最终确定以SMA作乳化剂,酸化2h左右,70℃固化120min作为脲醛树脂硅油微胶囊的制备工艺条件,可以得到平均粒径50μm左右、粒度分布较均匀的球形微胶囊。所制备的硅油微胶囊样品具有显著的降烧蚀效果,降烧蚀性能与纯硅油基本相当。
In order to resolve the loading issues that high-energy propellant charge used the liquid silicone oil as a highly effective bore-wear reducing additive, the preparation arts and crafts of microcapsules of silicone oil were researched by an in-situ condensation polymerization reaction with a urea-formaldehyde resin wall. Several encapsulating parameters were investigated including different emulsifiers、different dispersed emulsion time, pH, stirring speed, acidification time and curing temperature on microcapsule appearance quality such as particle size, and size distribution. What is more, the microcapsules of silicone oil were prepared with a urea-formaldehyde resin wall material, and the performanceuse of wear reducing is mensurated by the erosion tube test.
The result of experiments show that the reaction system of emulsifier is the key factors to determine the success of micro-encapsulation. It plays a vital role in the morphology of micro-capsules; Stirring speed is the other major factors in the microcapsules; The speed of acidification has a direct impact on the microcapsules of formation in particle size in the course of condensation; In addition, the level of pH has effect on the microcapsules wall in the process of condensation; When pH is between 4.0 and 5.5, the forming wall is osteoporosised and it is easy to be destroyed. When pH value is low, the formation of micro-capsule wall is hard and not easy to destroyed. The final reaction conditions of the preparation of silicon oil Microcapsules with a urea-formaldehyde resin wall were as follows: SMA, 2h acidification approximately, the curing temperature under 70℃for 120min. Under these conditions, the mean particle diameter of 50μm, uniform and spherical solid microcapsules of silicone oil were obtained. The wear reducing of microcapsules of silicon oil is obvious, and it is similar to the pure silicone oil.
引文
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