摘要
费托合成反应器是煤间接液化工艺的核心单元,本文针对新型浆态床费托合成煤液化反应器的模型化过程展开详细研究。
本文首先从一维流体力学模型出发,获得浆态床气含率、流速分布等流体力学特性参数,结合费托合成反应动力学和α-烯烃再吸附产物分布模型,将流动、传质和化学反应过程耦合起来,建立了描述浆态床费托合成过程浓度二维分布的反应器数学模型。建模过程还考虑了费托合成产物在气液两相的分布情况,通过气液相平衡计算气相和液相中烃类产物的组成。为了评价模型的有效性,利用几组公开的费托合成浆态床中试装置数据对二维浓度分布模型进行检验,模拟结果与中试数据符合良好,表明模型具有较强的预测功能。
进一步地,本文应用该模型对德国Rheinpreussen-Koppers示范装置和中科院山西煤化所模试装置的放大过程进行预测,利用数学模拟的手段讨论了反应器放大规律,揭示了费托合成浆态床在工程开发中可能存在的放大效应。此外,本文还利用浆态床费托合成过程一些常见的工艺参数,模拟了工业大型浆态床费托合成的反应结果,同时考察了表观气速、合成气组成、传质系数以及循环流率等过程参数对反应器性能的影响,为工业费托合成浆态床的设计和操作优化提供依据。
Reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is the key unit of the indirect coal liquefaction process. In this paper, comprehensive study on modeling of the slurry bubble column reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was carried out.
Started from the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model which was used for obtaining hydrodynamic characteristics such as gas holdup and velocity profile in the slurry reactor, and combined with the kinetics andα-ORPDM(α-Olefin Readsorption Product Distirbution Model) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, a two-dimensional model of slurry Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was established to account for the 2-D concentration distribution in the slurry reactor by coupling the process of flow, mass transfer and chemical reaction. The model also took into account products distribution in the phase of gas and liquid by vapor-liquid equilibrium calculation. In order to validate this model, several groups of published data from the demonstration plants for slurry Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were employed to test the two-dimensional model. The results were well in line with the experiment data indicating its strong prediction capability.
Further, the model was applied to predict the scaleup of the Rheinpreussen-Koppers demonstration plant in Germany and the Laboratory reactor in the Institute of Coal Chemistry. The laws of reactor scaling up were discussed revealing the potential scaleup effects in engineering development of the slurry reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In addition, this paper gave the results of modeling the commercial slurry reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with some common technology parameters. The influences of superficial velocity of gas phase, H_2/CO ratio of synthesis gas, mass transfer coefficient and liquid recirculation velocity on reactor performance were studied to provide guidance for design and operation optimization of the industrial slurry reactor.
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