摘要
生物质和城市垃圾是两类产量巨大同时富含能源的固体废物。我国城市生活垃圾年产量1.6亿吨左右,资源化利用率低于20%。全国秸秆类生物质年产量约7亿吨,仅33%被有效利用。将这两类废物同时能源化利用具有显著的社会及经济效益。本文主要开展生物质与源头分类后高热值垃圾混合制取衍生燃料(RDF),然后进行定向气化制取高品质合成气实验研究。
对辽宁省内七个垃圾填埋场垃圾进行为期一年取样和分析,获得省内垃圾组分构成以及数据。城市生活垃圾中高热值垃圾含量占20%左右,垃圾样品干基发热量超过12MJ/kg,适于气化利用。在热重差热分析仪上,对生物质、纸、塑料(以PE为例)和织物分别进行混合气化实验,得出物料混合比对整个气化过程的影响方式,并建立气化动力学模型。结果表明:物料中碳氢含量越高,其气化CO及H2产量越多。
将不同配比的RDF进行小型流化床气化实验研究,得出不同空气流量、不同水蒸气流量和不同物料比对产气中H2、CO含量及H2/CO值的影响。实验得出,调整两者混合比可使气化气中H2/CO值达到1左右,在实验研究的条件范围内,剩余垃圾/生物质=2的情况下,H2/CO值为1.077,最接近于1。
对生物质与生活垃圾气化产气进行灰色关联度分析,通过灰色综合关联度的计算,得出影响气化产气H2/CO值的关联序为:水蒸汽流量>物料混合比>空气流量。
Biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) are two kinds of enormous output and energy-rich solid waste. Annual MSW output in China is about 160 million tons and the rate of resource utilization is below 20%. Annual biomass straw output is about 700 million tons, only 33% of which is used effectively. Meanwhile, energy utilization for these two types of waste has significant social and economic benefits. In this paper, biomass and high-heating-value waste after source separation were made into refuse derived fuel (RDF) together, then oriented gasification process to get high-quality syngas was investigated.
Through the sampling and analysis of MSW at seven landfill sites in Liaoning province, component and composition of MSW were obtained. The results show that high calorific waste content is about 20% in total and the heat value of dried sample is over 12MJ/kg, adapting to gasification. By means of thermogravity analyser (TG-DTA), the gasification of biomass mixed separately with paper, plastic (PE) and textile were experimented to obtain the effect of mixture ratio on the way of gasification process and the mixtures gasification kinetic models were built up. The experiments show that higher the C and H content, the more CO and H2 obtaining.
The gasification of RDFs with different mixture ratio in the fluidized bed reactor was studied. The results show that the change of steam flow and air flow can affect the H2 and CO content. By adjusting the mixture ratio of two materials, the H2/CO ratio in gas product can reach to 1. During the experiment conditions, the H2/CO ratio equals to 1.077, the most closely to 1 at the RMW and straw mass ratio of 2.
The gray correlation degree analysis of biomass and RMW mixture gasification was carried out, and the calculation of comprehensive correlation degree gives the result that mixture ratio is a factor affecting the H2/CO value at large except steam flow, which will cost more.
引文
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