摘要
石油被誉为“黑色的金子”，国民经济的“血液”，在社会发展中具有十分重要的作用，是工业发展以及社会建设所需的重要能源之一，为改善人类生活条件做出了巨大的贡献。但同时，由于油品而引起的各种火灾却又在损害着社会建设成果，危害着人们的生命财产安全。
国内外石化企业火灾爆炸安全事故发生频繁。国外：如美国休斯敦化工总厂的高密度聚乙烯装置发生特大爆炸与火灾，彻底摧毁年产75万吨聚乙烯装置，并造成重大人员伤亡，成为战后美国石化工业最为严重的、震惊世界的一次灾难性事故，经济损失高达10多亿美元。国内诸如：黄岛油库的油罐火灾并演化成扬沸火灾，南京炼油厂的油罐大火，燕山石化厂的恶性火灾爆炸等，都给国家造成重大经济损失。油罐区特大火灾爆炸安全事故给我们以惨重的教训，如何应用现代科学技术切实做好油罐区重大危险源火灾爆炸事故的预防和控制，成为劳动安全管理部门和安全科技工作者面临的紧迫课题。
随着我国国民经济的快速增长，特别是现代石油工业和石化工业的迅速发展，大型储油罐区日趋增多。油品是易燃易爆的危险品，储油罐区是典型的重大工业危险源。因此油罐区安全备受国家和产业部门的重视。工业作业场所灾情统计资料表明：火灾爆炸历来是油罐区的首位事故。油罐区的火灾爆炸安全防治，需要科学的安全管理，在
摘 要 三
岗人员的安全培训，以及有效的监测与防护技术。在我国，固定式消
防设施是油罐区采取的火灾安全技术的主要措施之一。这些固定消防
设施，正在为储油罐区的安全防治发挥一定的作用。但是，随着重大
工业危险源安全防治技术的巨大进步，储油罐区的消防安全技术措
施，急待加强、充实、改进和完善。按照工业危险源安全技术规范衡
量，现存消防设备尚有许多不足。例如：现有的固定消防设施，在一
旦出现火灾爆炸安全事故险情，极易遭破坏，其中一些固定消防设施
在重大火灾发生时又起不了大的作用，且平时维护这些固定消防设施
又要投入很大，等等。
在收集了国内外的储油罐区消防安全标准，对国外固定式消防设
施的资料进行调研和初步分析的基础上，提出改进和完善储油罐区固
定式消防设施的技术方案，并通过实验室尺度模拟实验验证了该技术
方案的科学性和合理性。
Petroleum is intituled 'Dark Gold', It is 'blood of national eco nomy'. It is very important in the development of society. And it is one of essential important energy in industry development and so cial construct. Petroleum has offered great contribution to improve human living level. But atthe same time, the kind of fire induced by oil product isdamaging progeny of social construct, hurting h uman life wealth safety.
Petroleum and chemical industry fire blast safety accident frequency happened at home an aboard. At aboard, for example high-density polyethylene device happened to grave blast and fire at American Houston chemical parent plant. It destroyed polyethylene device of annual output 750 thousand tons, and caused great personnel casualty. It became a worst world-shaking disastrous event at American petroleum and chemical industry after war. Economy damnify totaled over 10 hundred millions. At home for example oilcan fire of HuangDao Oil Storage and boiled fire, Oilcan fire of Nanjing refinery, malignant fire of YanShang chemical parent plant etc. all brought great economy damage. Oilcan section fire and blast great events gave our miserable lecture. It has become urgent problem task of labour safe managed department how
to apply modern science and technology to prevent and control oilcan section fire and blast great events.
Along with our country economy increase quickly, especially modern petroleum industry and oil chemical industry rapid developed. Large oil storage can sections gradual manifold. Oil products are flammable and easy explode danger. Large oil storage can sections are fatal industry source of danger. Thereby oilcan sections safe are regarded by country and industrial section. The statistical datum of the situation of a disaster shows, fire blast are always the first events of oilcan section. Safe prevention and cure of oilcan section fire blast needs scientific safety management, working personel's safety train, and effective monitor and safety technology. In our country, fixed fire device is one of main measure of fire safety technology, they are playing an role in oil storage can section safety prevention and cure. But along with safety prevention and cure technology's great progress in fatal industrial source of danger, fire safety technology in oil storage can section makes exigent demands on enhancing, enriching, improving and perfecting. According to industrial source of danger safety technology criterion, existent fire device still has a lot of shortage. For example existent fixed fire devices, in case fire blast occurred, are destroyed easily. Thereinto many fixed fire device can't play a important role in fire, and it is
expensive to maintenance these fixed fire device, and so on.
On collecting oil storage can section fire safety standard at home and abroad, and researching and analyzing to the datum about fixed fire device at abroad. To bring forward to improve on and perfect technology project of oil storage can section fixed fire device. And to via laboratory measure simulation experiment to validate the scientificalness and rationality of the technology .
引文
1．吉满肇，石油新消火考察，防灾，第13卷，第3／4号
2．木下利贞，东邦石油尾鹫工场消火设备
3．长谷川_和_俊，石油火灾，日本火灾学会杂志，第188号，Vol．40，No．5，1990
4. Kazutoshi Hasegawa, Experimental Study on Mechanism of Hot Zone Formation in Open-Tank Fires, Fire Safety Science Proceedings of The Second International Symposium, PP 221-230,1989
5. M.Arai, K.Saito, and R.A.Altenkirch, A Study of Boilover in Liquid Pool Fires Supported on Water(Ⅰ), Combust. Sci. and Tech., Vol 71, PP 25-40,1990
6. T. Inamura, K.Saito and K.A.Tagavi, A Study of Boilover in Liquid Pool Fires Supported on Water(Ⅱ), Combust. Sci. and Tech., Vol 86, PP 105-119, 1992
7. T.A.Brzustowski and E.M.Twardus, A Study of The Burning of A Slick Crude Oil on Water, Nineteenth International Symposium On Combustion, PP 847-854,1892
8. H.Hosek et al, Experimental Study of Boilover in Crude Oil Fires, Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Fire Saftey Science. 1992
9. Alan.V. Oppenheim, Digital Signal Processing.
10. Liao Guangxuan, Hua Jinsong, Fan Weicheng, et al, Experimental Study of Boilover Phenomenon in Oil Fires, Proceedings of the First Asian Fire Science and Technology Conference, PP 442-432,1992
11. Hua Jinsong, Liao Guangxuan, Fan Weicheng and Lin Hongchang, Numerical Analysis on Oil Burning on Water, 2nd Asian-Pacific International Symposium on Combustion and Energy Utilization, Beijing, 1993
12．GBJ74-84，石油库设计规范，中国计划出版社
13．GBJ16-87，建筑设计防火规范，中国计划出版社
14．GB50183-93，原油和天然气工程设计防火规范
15．GB50151-92，低倍数泡沫灭火系统设计规范
16．GB50160-92，石油化工企业防火设计规范
17．中国石油天然气总公司编，石油安全工程，石油工业出版社，1991
18．范维澄等，火灾科学导论，湖北科学技术出版社，1993
19．王丰，郭继坤，油库安全技术，中国石化出版社，1997
20．王泽申，安全分析与事故预测，北京经济学院出版社，1992
21．朱吕通等，油库消防，群众出版社，1984