摘要
微网是指由分布式电源、储能装置、能量变换装置、相关负荷和监控、保护装置汇集而成的小型发配电系统，可以运行在并网和独立两种模式。微网作为一种新型能源网络化供应及管理技术，既方便了分布式能源的接入，又可实现需求侧管理及经济运行等目标。本文围绕微网的能量管理与优化设计、需求侧管理技术集成等问题展开研究，主要研究内容包括：
1)建立了风力发电系统、光伏发电系统、柴油发电机、冷热电联供系统、储能元件、电力电子转换元件、负荷元件的准稳态或慢动态仿真模型，为后文各种典型微网能量管理和优化设计的研究奠定了理论基础。
2)针对包含海水淡化负荷的风光柴储孤立微网系统，设计了一套实用化的协调运行控制策略，该策略以保证孤立系统的长期稳定运行，提高系统运行经济性为目标，同时计及了各种设备的运行约束条件。利用自主研发的长时间尺度的准稳态仿真工具，进行仿真计算，验证了本文所提方法的有效性。
3)提出了一种适用于并网型微型燃气轮机冷电联供系统的能量优化控制策略，该策略能够使联供系统工作在以电定冷、以冷定电、经济最优和效率最高四种运行模式，综合考虑是否允许发电上网、购电价格、燃气价格和燃机上网发电价格等因素的影响，实时调整联供系统的电出力和制冷量。
4)针对可再生能源波动对联络线功率的影响，采用家用电热泵设备作为用户侧负荷响应控制资源，基于状态队列（SQ）算法控制热泵负荷开关状态，以响应系统负荷平衡需求，提出一种使用需求侧负荷响应控制技术替代储能，平滑联络线的功率波动的方法。
5)采用典型的带海水淡化负荷的风光柴储互补独立微网做为研究对象，提出了考虑全寿命周期净费用、可再生能源利用率以及污染物排放水平的多目标优化设计模型，可用于对微网中分布式电源和储能系统的容量进行优化配置。
A microgrid (MG) is a cluster of interconnected distributed generators, loads and intermediatestorage units，which cooperate with each other to be collectively treated by the grid as acontrollable load or generator. It can be operated under grid-connected mode or islanded mode. Asa new energy supply and network management technology, microgrid could allow renewable andclean resources to be integrated into a utility. At the same time, it could achieve demand-sidemanagement and economical operation. This paper focuses on the issues related to the energymanagement, optimal design and demand response of microgrid.
First of all, classification of microgrid scale and topology, state of art of energy managementand optimal design method are presented in this thesis.
Secondly, the quasi-steady state models of wind turbine, solar array, diesel, combined coolingheat and power (CCHP), battery, power electronics and demand-side load are presented. Themodels are the important modeling foundmental used in following chapters which addresses onenergy management and optimal design.
Thirdly, considering of the operating constraints of primary equipments, a coordinated controlstrategy of typical isolated Microgrid including desalination load is proposed in this thesis. Theprimary design objectives are to ensure the long-term stable operation and to reduce the costsincurs over the system lifetime. A typical practical isolated Microgrid is studied via aself-developed quasi steady-state simulation tool. The simulation results show the effectivenessand correctness of proposed control strategy.
Fourthly, this thesis proposes a reasonable integrated Energy Management System (EMS) forCCHP. Four kinds of operation modes listed as:(1) Determining cooling load by electricityconsumption,(2) Determining Electric Load by Cooling Consumption,(3) Optimal Cost and (4)Optimal Prime Energy Ratio (PER) are integrated in this EMS. Integrated factors such as thecooling and electric load, the generation possibility to grid, electricity price of micro-turbine(MT)for sale and the price of natural gas and electricity are considered into these four modes and thecooling capacity of Lithium Bromide Double-effect Absorption Refrigerator (LBDEAR) and MTpower are adjusted in real time conditions.
Then, considering with the fluctuations caused by renewable energy integrated into MG, thisthesis presents a novel demand response algorithm for MG tie-line power flow smoothing. Theresidential heat pump is treated as one kind of demand-side responsive resources. This smoothingalgorithm controls the switching status of heat pumps based on a state-queueing (SQ) controlstrategy. The demand response is used to replace conventional storage device to provide powersmoothing service.
Finally, this thesis presents a multi-objective optimal design method for an island Microgridwith desalination plant. The allocation ratio of net present cost (NPC) in the full life cycle, theutilization of renewable energy and pollutant emission level is the primary optimization problemin this model. The optimal number of distributed generators and the optimal capacity of energystorage are determined to satisfy the proposed multi-objective model.
引文
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