摘要
船舶在航行过程中不可避免的要受到各种冲击载荷的威胁,对于一般民用船舶其冲击载荷主要是船舶碰撞或搁浅时的碰撞力载荷;对于军船则还要充分考虑到战时的爆炸冲击载荷。在碰撞和爆炸这样的强瞬态冲击载荷作用下,船舶往往会造成结构破损、人员伤亡等后果,因此,研究船舶抗冲击防护性能,进而提出新型抗冲击防护结构都具有重要的现实意义。
本论文主要采用数值仿真的研究方法,分别对碰撞载荷作用下民船抗冲击防护结构设计及抗冲击性能和水下爆炸载荷作用下舰船典型结构的抗冲击防护结构设计和抗冲击性能进行了研究。具体的讲,本文主要研究内容如下:
(1)从理论研究、试验研究及数值仿真三个方面总结分析了船舶抗冲击领域的国内外研究现状,并对比分析了三种研究方法的优缺点,简要阐述了本文的主要研究工作和方法;
(2)推导、介绍了船舶运动控制方程及其有限元求解方法,并重点讨论了船舶碰撞数值仿真的基本理论和有限元建模时的关键技术和处理技巧;
(3)针对传统双层舷侧结构的碰撞问题特点,采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对碰撞损伤过程进行深入研究,分析碰撞过程中各个构件的吸能特性和损伤特点。设计出三种新型的舷侧结构,通过对碰撞过程的数值仿真和比较研究,分析四种舷侧结构在舷侧内板破损时的吸能能力,以及它们的防撞性能。
(4)采用数值仿真研究水下爆炸效应。首先针对舰用板架进行水下爆炸动响应分析,通过不同加筋形式动响应结果的对比,得到了水下爆炸响应基本规律,并探讨了不同网格密度对计算精度的影响;其次,选取某型船船舯附近某典型舱段进行水下非接触爆炸的数值仿真计算,进行不同爆炸工况下舰船动响应对比分析,设计出新型舷侧防护结构,通过有限元仿真和对比,分析它们的抗冲击性能。
(5)为考核舰船局部结构的防护性能,选择合适的实验模型至关重要。首先设计出五种试验模型方案,采用数值仿真的方法先对舰船整体、局部结构抗爆抗冲击性能进行仿真评估,通过对比分析应力、冲击环境等主要因素,为确定舰船局部防护结构模型实验提供参考依据。
The ships are inevitable in danger of being threatened by the strong impact loadings such as the great impact resistance during ship collision and grounding accidents for cargo ships as well as the underwater explosion loading for naval ships. Catastrophic aftermaths will be brought under the strong impact loading, such as personnel loss, vessel sinking and so on. Consequently, it is of great significance to investigate the anti-shock performances of ship and then to improve the anti-shock performances of protective structure correspondingly.
Based on the method of numerical simulation, the anti-shock performances of protective structure and its improved design are investigated in the paper. For the cargo ships, the impact loading is the impact resistance during ship collision, and for the naval ships the corresponding loading is underwater explosion loading. In details, the main contents of the paper are as follows:
(1) From the theoretical research, experimental research and numerical simulation, these three aspects, summary and analyzed the field of a ship impact study of the status at home and abroad. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of research methods, briefly describes the main research work and methods of this paper.
(2) Derived, introducing the ship motion control equation and its finite element solution methods, focused on the numerical simulation of ship collision and finite element modeling of the key technologies and processing techniques.
(3) For the traditional double-side structure characteristics of the collision problem, using finite element analysis software ABAQUS, to analyze collision damage process in the collision energy absorption characteristics and injury characteristics. Design three kinds of new side structure. Through the collision process, numerical simulation and a comparative study of analysis of four kinds of side structure in the inner plate broken broadside, analyze their energy absorption capacity and anti-collision performance.
(4) By numerical simulation to study underwater explosive effects. Against the ship-board aircraft to conduct the dynamic response analysis of underwater explosion, through different forms of reinforced form, compare the response results, get the basic law of underwater explosions, and explore the different grid density on the calculation accuracy of the impact. And then, select a typical Compartment of one vessel’s amidships to conduct a Numerical Simulation of a typical non-contact explosion underwater, conduct dynamic response analyze of different explosion situations. Design a new type of broadside protective structure, through the finite element simulation and comparative, analyze their impact-resistance performance.
(5) To investigate the anti-shock performances of local structure in warship, the experimental model should be choosed properly. Firstly, five schemes of test models are proposed and then the anti-shock performances of theses models are evaluated by numerical simulation. By the comparison of main results such as stress and impact environment, it can provide some valuable reference for the choice of local structure test model.
引文
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