摘要
圆柱形和球形耐压壳是最重要的深海耐压结构型式。随着工作深度的增加,对耐压结构的强度与稳定性的要求就越高,合理选用不同强度等级的高强度钢或比强度高的钛合金和合理耐压结构型式是提高深海耐压结构强度和稳定性的主要途径。随着材料屈服强度的提高,结构对缺陷的敏感性则会增加,开展初始挠度对高强度钢耐压壳结构屈曲临界压力的影响研究就显得非常必要。针对深海耐压结构特点,开展深海耐压圆柱壳结构型式和加强方式研究,并在保证耐压结构安全可靠的前提下,进行耐压结构参数优化设计,对于减轻耐压圆柱壳结构自重,提高耐压壳结构设计质量和设计合理性具有重要意义。论文围绕深海耐压圆柱壳结构型式与稳定性开展研究,取得了以下一些主要研究成果:
(1)提出了具有初始挠度的耐压圆柱壳结构稳定性计算的有限元建模方法,数值仿真结果和模型试验结果相吻合。根据系列计算结果,给出了初始挠度幅值对肋间壳板弹塑性失稳临界压力的影响范围,适当放宽初始挠度的幅值,对耐压圆柱壳结构失稳临界压力的影响不大,如从0.2t放宽到0.25t,肋间壳板的弹塑性失稳临界压力的下降幅度小于5%。
(2)对高强度钢深海耐压结构型式进行对比研究和结构优化计算,结果表明,T型肋骨圆柱壳结构容重比与材料屈服强度成反比、与最大工作压力成正比,而与半径长度比几乎无关;设置中间支骨可以明显提高高强度钢耐压圆柱壳稳定性效果,当α值较小时,中间支骨存在临界刚度,当α值较大时,中间支骨不存在临界刚度。
(3)在国内首次开展了聚氨酯材料及其夹层结构的力学性能的试验研究。通过试样试验和数值仿真的对比分析,给出了该新型材料的力学参数,为该新型材料在相关领域的应用研究奠定了基础。
(4)在国内首次开展了钢-聚氨酯复合夹层深海耐压结构性能对比研究,探讨了夹芯层厚度、肋骨间距、肋骨尺寸的改变对夹层耐压圆柱壳非线性稳定性行为的影响,与传统耐压结构相比,在不降低原结构强度的前提下,钢-聚氨酯复合夹层结构可大幅提高耐压圆柱壳结构的非线性失稳临界压力和抗局部冲击能力。
Cylindrical and spherical pressure hull are the most important deep-sea pressure hull structures. The requirements for strength and stability of pressure hull structure become higher with the working depth increasing. The main ways to improve the strength and stability of deep-sea pressure hull structure are the reasonable use of different strength grades of high strength steel or high specific strength titanium alloy and the choice of reasonable pressure structural style.
With the increase of material yield strength, sensitivity of structure to the initial deflection increase. So it is very necessary to research the influence of initial deflection to the strength and stability of pressure hull with high strength steel.
According to its characteristic, structural style and enhance methods of deep-sea pressure cylindrical hull should be studied. The optimization design of the pressure hull parameters should be studied on the premise of ensuring the safety and reliability of pressure hull. It is very important to reduce the weight of pressure cylindrical hull, enhance the design quality and reasonableness of the structure of the pressure hull.The research work and achievements of this thesis is mainly listed as follows:
(1) A finite element modeling method about the stability of pressure hull with initial deflection has been presented in this paper, the results of numerical simulation and model test is consistent. Based on the results of series calculations, the range of influence of the amplitude of initial deflection to the elastic-plastic buckling critical pressure of the shell between ribs was given. Appropriately extend the amplitude of the initial deflection, the effect on buckling critical pressure of pressure cylindrical shell is small, such as from 0.2t to 0.25t, the elastic-plastic buckling critical pressure of the shell between ribs drop less than 5%.
(2) To compare and optimize the structure types of deep-sea pressure hull adopted high strength steel. The results show that, the ratio of volume to weight of T-rib cylindrical shell is inversely proportional to material yield strength and proportional to the maximum working pressure almost nothing to do with the length ratio radius; to set intermediate rib can improve stability effect of high strength steel pressure cylindrical shell evidently, when the value is small, there is a critical stiffness of intermediate rib, when the value is larger, does not exist critical stiffness of intermediate rib.
(3) Experimental research on mechanical properties of polyurethane material and composite sandwich structure material has been carried out in the country for the first time. By contrast and analysis of sample test and numerical simulation, the mechanical parameters of the new material were given. This lay the foundation of the new materials for application in related fields.
(4) For the first time in the domestic contrastive study of structure properties of steel-Polyurethane Sandwich deep sea pressure was carried out. It discusses the influence of changes of core thickness, ribs distance and rib sizes to the nonlinear stability of composite sandwich structure pressure cylindrical hull. Comparing with the traditional pressure structure, it does not reduce the strength of the original structure, and steel-polyurethane composite sandwich structure can improve the nonlinear instability critical pressure and resistance to local shocks of pressure cylindrical shell significantly.
引文
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