摘要
相控阵风廓线雷达是一种特殊的测风雷达,它广泛应用于大气状况的监测;为环境影响评估提供污染气象资料;提高了对雷暴、大风等灾害性天气的预报水平;可以监测、预报森林火灾的发生及蔓延;为领航台制定节省燃料的航线;为武器阵地、靶场、基地等场所提供所需的空中气流数据等。
随着现代化进程和信息技术的高速发展,基于嵌入式系统应用的电子产品已经走进人们的生活,使传统的工业生产和服务方式的技术含量得到很大的提高。基于SOPC技术的NiosⅡ嵌入式处理器是一个可变结构的、通用型的RISC嵌入式处理器,嵌入式设计者能非常方便的使用SOPC Builder系统开发工具设计构造以处理器为基础的系统。这使得利用FPGA实现高集成度高可靠性的相控阵风廓线雷达监控系统成为一种可能且必要的手段。
本文分析和研究了船载相控阵风廓线雷达的关键技术,并提出了最新的解决方案。利用美国Altera公司开发的基于SOPC技术的NiosⅡ嵌入式处理器设计实现船载相控阵风廓线雷达天线波束在大地坐标系、甲板坐标系、天线坐标系之间的方位角、俯仰角的坐标变换,并利用NIOSⅡ完成船载相控阵风廓线雷达电子波束的预测修正补偿算法,实现船载相控阵风廓线雷达对于空中方位目标的实时而准确的跟踪测量。仿真结果表明:坐标变换一次所需的时间约为7ms,标量卡尔曼预测算法一次预测所需时间不到1ms,这完全符合一次修正周期25ms的设计要求。
Phased-array WPR(wind profile radar) is a special wind-detecting radar, which is widely applied in testing atmosphere, supplies resource of pollution meteorology for environmental impact assessment; advances forecasting standard for disastrous weather, such as thunderstorm, gale;monitors and predicts forest-fire; charts the pilot's course which skimps on fuel; supplies air current data which is needed by weapon position, shooting range, base etc.
With the rapid development of modern process and information technology,electrical products which is based on embedded system have been widely used in people's life. This improved the technology level of traditional technology manufacture and service style. NiosII microprocessor based on SOPC technology is a changeable, general RISC CPU. The developer can conveniently design the system with SOPC Builder. So the high integration, high reliability monitoring system in phased array wind profile radar which is realized by FPGA is a possible and essential means.
The article analyzes and researches the key technology of phased array WPR and gives the newest answer to the key technology. With the NiosII microprocessor based on SOPC which is developed by American, the article realizes coordination transformation of azimuth angle and pitching angle which is used in geodetic axis, deck axis and antenna axis on shipborne phased-array WPR antenna beam. and the developer also implements shipborne phased-array WPR's revising and compensating prediction algorithm of electron waves, achieves the real-time and correct tracking for aircraft azimuth target. The result shows that the wasting time of one coordination transformation is about 7ms and the dissipative time of one time kalman prediction algorithm is less than 1ms.The results satisfy the designing demand of one revising periods which is 25ms.
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