摘要
随着电子技术、计算机技术和自动控制技术的飞速发展，数控系统不断更新换代，近年出现了第六代——基于PC机的开放式数控系统。今后，数控系统还将朝着高速、高精度、智能化和网络信息化方向迈进。
但是，目前开放式数控系统还存在许多不足之处，如操作系统基本上是DOS平台，难于实现多种软硬件资源共享，界面不够直观，操作不够简便，稳定性和可靠性低，开放性差等。本文所研究开发的系统正是针对目前数控系统存在的这些问题而开发研制的，它是一个基于586PC机和Windows98平台的具有三轴联动功能的开放式数控系统，能实现数控代码编辑、编译、校验、加工刀轨图形仿真和实时运行控制以及HTML帮助等较完善的功能。该数控系统的硬件采用了具有独立数字信号处理功能的DSP型运动控制器，控制器通过内存访问与PC机通信，使用C语言编写了控制器端的中断服务和插补程序，使用Visual C++编写了PC端的数控代码编辑、实时控制和人机交互界面程序。其研究开发的技术路线是先基本再扩展，先运转再优化。开创性地采用了定时数据采集、Windows动画绘制、实时监控、软件PLC等关键技术。
本系统的开发研究已取得实质性成果，与国内同类的数控系统相比，具有真正的开放性，易于实现与CAD／CAM软件集成，运行稳定，维护方便，界面友好直观，易学易用，能根据输入自动显示不同颜色以区
广西大学颀士学＆赶文 募于；M咖SS平台肘开侠尤三劫肛前喊在系统开发研穷
分代码的属性，能动态缩放显示刀具轨迹图形，此外，它有较好的多任
务性和独立性，能在加工时执行其它 W i ndows应用程序而不影响加工，
控制器甚至能在PC端操作系统关闭时继续完成加工，可用软件控制面
板或硬件操作面板两种方式操纵机床。
当然，该系统也还存在许多不足之处，如集成Cl／CM软件的接口
以及刀具补偿功能尚不够完善，没有停电断点恢复和数控宏旨令编程功
能等。相信这些问题在今后的研究开发中将逐步得到解决。
最后，本文指出了进一步研究的方向是通过摄像设备在PC端进行
真实图像监控，实现网络化制造和远程故障诊断以及开发使用数字伺服
直流和交流电机的数控系统，形成商品化的系列产品。
CNC system updated continuously with the rapid development of electronic technology, computer technology and automatic control technology. The sixth age of CNC system, a new one that adopts open architecture and is based on PC, emerged in recent years. In the future, CNC system will make for high speed, high precision, intelligentization and network informationization.
However, there are many drawbacks in the open architecture CNC system at present, for example, the operation system is DOS platform in the mass, so it's difficult to share various of software and hardware resources. Additionally, the interface isn't intuitional enough; operation isn't easy enough; stability, reliability and the ability of opening are not good enough. The paper is written on purpose of solving the problems mentioned above and the system is an open architecture CNC milling and drilling system with three axes association based on PC and windows 98, which can perform almost intact functions such as NC-code editing, compilation, proofreading, simulation of figure of tool nose paths, real time control and HTML help. This system's hardware adopts DSP-embedded controller, which can
process digital signal independently. The controller communicates with PC by accessing memory. On the side of controller, C language is used to write the interpolation program and the interruption service program, while on the side of PC, Visual C++ is used to write programs in which functions of editing NC-code, real-time control and human-machine interaction interface is fulfilled. The whole exploitation and study follows the technology route of from the easy to the difficult, from basis to extension and from appliance to optimization. Moreover, many high technologies such as time-lapse data collecting, windows animation drawing, real time monitoring and software PLC, etc., are used initiatively in this system.
The exploitation and study of this system have got great success, compared with the ones of the same type, this system is more open and more easily used to merge with CAD and CAM, it runs stably, is convenient to be maintained and the interface is friendly and intuitional. Its usage can be grasped quickly. According to the input information, it can automatically display different properties of NC codes in different colors, and zoom in or zoom out the figure of tool nose paths dynamically. In addition, the system can work well not only when it works independently but also when windows performs multi-task, any other windows appliance programs can run freely with the system, not necessary to worry it will influence the machining. The controller can continue the process even after the operating system of PC is switched off. Both software control panel and hardware operating panel can be used to control the machine tool.
Certainly, the system still exists many drawbacks, for example, the ftmction of the integrated interface oriented CAD/CAM software and the
tool nose compensation isn't perfect enough. The function of resuming at the interruption caused by power cut and the function of programming by CNC macro-command are also blank. All these questions are bound to be solved gradually in the future.
At last, this paper puts forward that the further study is to install video equipment on PC so as to monitor the real image and realize network manufacture and remote trouble diagnosis as well as to develop the CNC system employing digital servo-DC and servo-AC motors, which help to form a series of commercial products.
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