摘要
本文对松辽盆地南部地区的区域构造特征、构造演化史和典型探区构造带进行了系统研究,并结合油气生成、运移及时空配置关系,进行了盆地构造演化、构造带类型、构造样式等与油气聚集关系等研究。
松辽盆地属中、新生代板内变形较强烈的地区,盆地演化具有挤压—伸展两种机制的更迭,经历了晚侏罗世的早期断陷,早白垩世的中期坳陷和晚白垩世—古近纪的晚期褶皱与抬升三个主要演化阶段。
松辽盆地自晚侏罗世至古近纪末期经历了多期伸展与挤压改造过程。如在伸展体制下主要包括火石岭组—营城组和登娄库组—嫩江组两个主要的伸展阶段;在挤压体制下主要包括明水组末期和古近纪末期等挤压隆升阶段。
断裂作为油气垂向运移、聚集的重要场所之一,也是为油气由凹陷向盆地边缘运移提供了通道,断裂既可形成对油气遮挡,但断裂对油气聚集又起分割作用,又是油气逃逸的窗口;正反转构造有利于油气聚集,是油气成藏的重要区带之一;构造不整合面是油气聚集的主要场所之一,又是构成油气横向运移主要通道;构造活动对油气热演化具有控制作用;构造运动改善了岩石的储集性能;构造运动形成的隆升剥蚀、断裂作用对盖层具有破坏作用;向斜区在一定的条件下有利于油气聚集;继承性古隆起构造有利于油气的聚集;在单斜的大背景下,由于构造活动,也可成为重要的油气聚集场所,如鼻状构造等。
最后,主要依据上述构造控制油气的基本原理,结合其它石油地质条件,对德惠断陷中的有利于油气聚集的构造进行了预测。
The author systematically studied the area structural features, the structural evolution history and typical structure belts in the exploration area. Combined with the oil-gas generation, migration and time-space distribution relation, the author studied the evolution of basin structure, the types of the structure belts, structure styles and their relations with the accumulation of oil-gas.
Song-Liao basin belongs to the area that was intensely deformed in the plate during Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The evolution of the basin has a mechanism that alternated between extension and contraction. The basin experienced three main evolution stages, which were the early fault depression in the late Jurassic, the middle depression in the early Cretaceous and the late uplift and folds in the late Cretaceous or Paleogene
Song-Liao basin experienced a multi-period of extension and contraction from late Jurassic to late Paleogene. For example, under the extension setting it mainly contains two main extension periods that are Huoshiling-Yingcheng group and Denglouku-Nenjiang group. Under the contraction setting it mainly contains Late Mingshui group period and late paleogene and others, which are the uplift and dome period.
Fault, as one of the important oil-gas vertically migration and accumulation places, provided channels that migrated the oil from the depression to the basin margin. It can block off the oil-gas. It also has a division effect on the oil accumulation. It is the escaping window for the oil-gas too. The positive round back structure is benefit for the accumulation and it is one of the important oil-gas reservoir belts. The structure disconformity plane is one of the important places for oil-gas accumulation, and it also is the main horizontal migration channel. Structural activities controlled the oil-gas thermo evolution and improved the rock’s storage capacity. The uplifting erosion and fault formed by the structure activity can deform the roof rock. The syncline is benefit for the oil-gas accumulation under definite conditions, so are the successive pale-domes. Because of the structural activities, the monocline setting such as nose-structure can become the oil-gas accumulation place.
At last, based on the principle that structures controlled the oil-gas, combined with other petroleum geological conditions, the author predicted the structures that are benefited for the oil-gas accumulation in the Dehui fault depression.
引文
[1] 陈发景,裂谷盆地理论模拟.石油实验地质,1996,18(3):274-282
[2] 陈发景,盆地构造分析在我国油气普查和勘探中的作用.石油也天然气地质,1989,12(1):1-4
[3] 陈国达,地台活化及其找矿意义.北京:地质出版社,1960
[4] 池英柳,赵文智.渤海湾盆地新生代走滑构造与油气聚集.石油学报,2000,21(2):14-20
[5] 戴金星,卫延召,赵靖舟.晚期成藏对大气田形成的重大作用.中国地质,2003,30(1):10-19
[6] 邓运华,渤海湾盆地凹陷—凸起油气聚集的差异性. 中国海上油气(地质),1999:13(6):401-405, 415.
[7] 丁国瑜,中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社,1991
[8] 黄汲清,中国地质构造基本特征的初步总结[J].地质学报,1960,40(1):1-37
[9] 李德生,渤海湾及沿岸盆地的构造格局,海洋学报,1978,4(2):94-101
[10] 李德生,中国东部含油气盆地的构造特征,石油勘探与开发,1982,9(2):1-14
[11] 李四光,1962,地质力学概论,1973 年科学出版社正式出版
[12] 刘和甫,沉积盆地地球动力学分类及构造样式分析.地球科学,1993,18(6):699-724
[13] 陆克政,关于盆地分类问题的讨论.华东石油学院学报(自然科学版),1987,11(4):1-7
[14] 马杏垣,吴在宁.中国新生代的伸展构造.地质科技情报.1988,7(2):1-12
[15] 宋建国,油气盆地研究新进展(第一辑).北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[16] 田在艺,张庆春.中国含油气沉积盆地论.北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[17] 田在艺,张庆春.论改造型盆地与油气成藏—以华北东部盆地为例.石油学报,2001,22(2)110-116
[18] 王鸿勋,张士诚.水力压裂设计烤值计算方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[19] 王鸿祯,莫宣学.中国地质构造述要.中国地质,1996,8:4-9
[20] 王同和,王喜双,韩宇春,等.华北克拉通构造演化与油气聚集.北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[21] 吴奇之,王同和,等.中国油气盆地构造演化与油气聚集,北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[22] 张长厚,初论板内造山带.地学前缘,1999,6(4):295-308
[23] 张文佑,汪一鹏等,华北断块区的形成与发展.北京:科学出版社.1980
[24] 周虬等,1999,东部深层目标地震蔟关研讨会论文集。北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[25] 朱夏,论中国含油气盆地构造.北京:石油工业出版社,1986
[26] 朱夏等 . 中国中新生代沉积盆地 . 北京:石油工业出版社,1990.
[27] 宋建国,窦立荣等著 . 中国东部中生代盆地分析和含油气系统 .北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[28] 高瑞祺,蔡希源等 . 松辽盆地油气田形成条件与分布规律 .北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[29] 王涛等著 . 中国东部裂谷盆地油气藏地质 . 北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[30] 吉林油田石油地质志编写组 . 中国石油地质志 卷二(下册)吉林油田 .北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[31] 陈孔全,吴金才,唐黎明等 . 松辽盆地南部断陷成藏体系 . 武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991.
[32] 赵庆吉,何兴华等 . 松辽盆地的形成演化及油气成藏规律 .石油与天然气地质文集(第6 集). 北 京:地质出版社,1997.
[33] 高瑞祺,萧德铭 .松辽及外围盆地油气勘探新进展 . 北京:石油工业出版社,1995.
[34] 池秋鄂,徐怀大 . 松辽盆地梨树—德惠凹陷火成岩初探及与油气关系 . 石油学报,1998.19(3)
[35] 刘泽容等 . 油藏描述原理与方法技术 . 北京:石油工业出版社,1992.
[36] 杨俊杰 . 含油气沉积盆地地质基础 . 北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[37] 李永康等 . 松辽盆地白垩与陆相生油特征 . 北京:石油工业出版社,1982.
[38] 徐怀大等 . 地震地层学应用基础 . 武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990.
[39] 杨万里 . 陆相生油理论及其在油气勘探中的应用 . 大庆石油地质与开发,1986.5(4)
[40] 朱陆忠 . 松南十屋断陷储层孔隙结构及在油藏评价中的应用 . 石油与天然气地质,1998.19(4): 330-337
[41] 李德生 . 中国含油气盆地的构造类型 . 石油学报,1982.3(3)
[42] 李德生 . 中国东部中新生代油气盆地与油气分布 . 石油学报,1983.4(4)
[43] 胡见义,黄第藩等.中国陆相石油地质理论基础 . 北京:石油工业出版社.1992.
[44] 胡朝元 . 油区控制油气田分布—中国东部陆相盆地进行区域勘探的有效理论 . 石油学报,1982.3 (2):9-14
[45] 王鸿祯,杨森楠,李思田 .中国东部及邻区中、新生代盆地发育及大陆边缘区的构造发展 . 地 质学报,1983.(3):213-223
[46] 丁正言,张惠等. 松辽盆地南部含油气远景评价.吉林石油科技,1993(3)
[47] 徐志刚 .从构造应力场特征探讨中国东部中生代火山岩成因 . 地质学报,1985.
[48] L.B. 马贡,W.G. 道主编,张纲,蔡希源等译 . 含油气系统——从烃源岩到圈闭 . 北京:石油 工业出版社,1998.
[49] 张子枢 世界大气田概论 . 北京:石油工业出版社,1990.
[50] 张万选等 . 石油地质学 . 北京:石油工业出版社,1981.
[51] 窦立荣 . 中国东北区早白垩系同裂谷期构造—层序地层特征 . 石油勘探与开发,1995.22(3):7-13
[52] 窦立荣 . 中国陆相含油气系统成因类型和分布特征 . 石油勘探与开发,1996.23(2):1-6
[53] 漆家福,陈发景 .下辽河新生代裂陷盆地的构造解析 . 北京:地质出版社,1995.
[54] 谯汉生,纪友亮,姜在兴等 . 中国东部大陆裂谷与油气 . 北京:石油工业出版社1999.
[55] 戴金星,傅诚德,关德范主编 . 天然气地质研究新进展 . 北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[56] 康玉柱 . 中国主要构造体系与油气分布 . 乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1999.
[57] 李剑 . 中国重点含气盆地气源特征与资源丰度 . 北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
[58] 郭念发 .郯庐断裂带与苏北及松辽含油气盆地的关系 . 华东油气勘查,1996. 14(3)
[59] 李家启,王家珉 . 松辽盆地南部地区油气地质勘查 . 华东油气勘查,1999.17(2)
[60] 郭念发 . 关于松辽盆地南部油气勘探的思考 . 华东油气勘查,2001.19(1)
[61] 童晓光塔里木盆地的地质结构与油气聚集,塔里木盆地油气勘探论文集,乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1992。
[62] 中国岩石圈动力学地图集编委会,中国岩石圈动力学概论,北京:地震出版社,1987。
[63] 何登发,沉积盆地动力学研究新进展,地学前缘,1995(3)。
[64] 何登发、吕修祥、林永汉、董大忠,前陆盆地分析,北京:石油工业出版社,1996。
[65] 森格A M C. 板块构造学与造山运动—特提斯例析,丁晓等译,上海:复旦大学出版社,1992。
[66] 甘克文主编,世界含油气盆地说明书,北京:石油工业出版社,1992。
[67] 王平,含油盆地构造力学原理,北京:石油工业出版社,1993。
[68] 宋建国、窦立荣等,裂谷盆地与油气聚集,北京:石油工业出版社,1994。
[69] 邱蕴玉,油气聚集保存的时间性和有效性分析——油气有效成藏期及有效成藏组合研究,中国海上油气(地质),1994.8(50):289-296。
[70] 大庆油田石油地质志编写组. 大庆油田. 北京:石油工业出版社,1987
[71] 王东坡等. 大陆构造沉积学地球科学进展,1995(10)6:612~614
[72] 王东坡,刘立. 大陆裂谷盆地层学研究. 岩相古地理,1994(14)3:1-9
[73] 王东坡,刘立等. 松辽盆地白垩纪古气候、沉积旋回、层序地层.长春:吉林大学出版社,1995
[74] 王东坡,刘招君,刘立. 松辽盆地演化与海平面升降. 北京:地质出版社,1994
[75] 王东坡,薛林福,刘立等. 中国东北中生代盆地形成的地球动力学机制长春地质学院学报,1997(27) 增刊Ⅱ:1-7
[76] 王良书,施央申. 油气盆地地热研究. 南京:南京大学出版社,1989
[77] 王燮培,严俊君,林军. 反转构造及其石油地质意义. 地球科学,1989(14)1:101-108
[78] 王燮培,费琪,张家骅编著. 石油勘探构造分析. 北京:地质出版社,1991
[79] 刘训. 中国东中新生代沉积建造及构造发展. 中国区域地质,1983,第四辑:5-19
[80] 刘树根,戴苏兰编译. 盆地分析中的回剥方法. 国外地质,1993(1):83-86
[81] 刘翠荣,陈发景. 松辽盆地热史模拟方法探讨. 地学前缘,1995(2)3~4:252-254
[82] 刘德来等. 松辽盆地的形成发展与岩石圈动力学. 地质科学,1996(31)4:397-405
[83] 何登发,李德生. 沉积盆地动力学研究的新进展. 地学前缘,1995(2)3-4:53-58
[84] 马杏恒等,中国东部中、新生代裂谷作用和伸展构造,地质学报,1957,(1)
[85] 迟元林,云金表,蒙启安等. 松辽盆地深层结构及成盆动力学与油气聚集. 北京:石油工业出版社, 2002
[86] 余凯,侯洪斌,郭念发,何兴华. 松辽盆地南部断陷层系石油天然气地质. 北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[87] 王永春. 松辽盆地南部岩性油藏的形成和分布. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[88] 黄怀曾,吴功建等. 岩石圈动力学研究. 北京:地质出版,1994
[89] 崔盛芹,李锦蓉. 东亚滨太平洋地区喜马拉雅期构造演化地质学报,1990(3)1:1-11
[90] 郭占谦等. 松辽盆地无机成因气的成藏特征. 中国科学(D 辑),1997(27)2:
[91] 郭占谦. 火山活动与沉积盆地的形成和演化地球科学,1998(23)1:59-64
[92] 符晓. 开展“深源”成油气藏的研究. 石油实验地质,1998(10)2:102-105
[93] 焦大庆等编著. 含油气盆地流体演化研究北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[94] 谢鸣谦著. 拼贴板块构造及其驱动机理-中国东北及邻区的大地构造演化. 北京:科学出版社,2000
[95] 田在艺等,中国含油气沉积盆地论. 北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[96] 窦立荣. 东北含油气区中新生代断陷盆地石油地质特征及资源远景. 江汉石油学报,1992(14)1:1-8
[97] 漆家福,陈发景. 下辽河-辽东湾新生代裂陷盆地的构造解析. 北京:地质出版社,1995
[98] 薛林福,许敏,杜旭东,王东坡. 下辽河盆地及其外围中新生代区域构造演化. 长春地质学院学报1996 (26):第三十届国际地质大会专辑
[99] A. D. Gribbs. Structural Evolution of Extensional Basin Margins. Geol. Soci. Jour., London (141):609-620
[100] A. E. Ringwood. Composition and Petrology of the Earth’s Mantle, 1975
[101] A. E. Ringwood. Composition and Origin of the Earth. In:M. M. Mc Elhinny(ed), its origin, structure, and evolution. 1979,1~58
[102] Bernard Loup and Walter Wildi. Subsidence Analysis in the Paris Basin: a Key to Extensional Basins With
[103] C. K. Morley. Extension, Detachment and Sedimentation, in Continental Rifts (with Particalar Reference to East Africa).Tectonics(8)P1175-1192
[104] C. K. Morley, R. A. . Nelson, T. L. Patton and S. G. Munn. Transfer Zones in the East Africean Rift System and their Relevance to Hydrocarbon Exploration in Rifts. AAPG, 1990(74):1234~1253
[105] C. Ranalli, D. C. Murphy. Rhologieal Tratification of the Lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 1987,132:281-295
[106] D P. Mckenzie. Some Remarks on the Development of Sedimentary Basins, Earth and Planet Sei. Lett., 1978(40):25-32
[107] D. W. Forsyth. Subsurface Loading and Estimation of the Flexural Rigidity of the Continental Lithosphere. J. Geophys. Res.,1990,12623-12632
[108] E. V. Artyushkov. Role of Crustal Crust Tectonophysics. 1992,215:187-207
[109] G. Dev. Klein. Current Aspects of Basin Analysis. Sedimentary Geology, 1987(50):95-118
[110] G. Dev. Klein. Maturation-based Geodynamic/geochemical Classification of Sedimentary Basins. Sedimentary Geology, 1990(69):1-6
[111] G. D. Karner. Tectonic Significance of Syn-rigy sediment Packages Across the Gabon-cabinda continental Margin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 1997(114)7/8:973~1000
[112] G. S. Lister, A. Etheridge, P. A. Symonds. Detachment Faulting and the Evolution of Passive Continental Margins. Geology, 1986,14:246-250
[113] G. Quinlan, et al. Relationship between Deeper Lithospheric Processes and Near-surface Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins. Tectonophysics, 1993,226:217-225
[114] G. Ranalli. Regional Variations in Lithosphere Rheology from Heat Flow Observations. In:Terrestrial Heat Flow and the Lithosphere Structure. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidellberg. 1991,p. 5-21
[115] I. Durision. Listric normal Fault Profiles: Calculation Using Bed-length Balance and Fault Displacement. J. STURCT. Gdol, 1989(8):208-211
[116] J. A. Miles. Secondary Migration Routes in the Brent Sandstones of the Viking Graben and East Shetl-and Basin:Evidence from oil residues and Subsurface Pressure data. AAPG,1990(74)11:1718~1735
[117] J. C. Mareschal. Determination of Past Heat Flow from Subsidence Data in Intracontinental Basins and Passive Margins. In: Terrestrial Heat Flow and the Lithosphere Structure. Springer-Verlag Berlin Hei delberg. 1991, p. 71-85
[118] J. H. Illies. Mechanism of Graben Formation, Tectonophysics(73):249-266
[119] K. D. Nelson. Aunified view of Craton Evolution Motivated by Recent Deep Seismic Reflection and Refraction Results. Geophys. J. Int., 1991(105):25-35
[120] L. Royden, C. E. Keen. Rifting Processes and Thermal Evolution of the Continental Margin of Eastern Canada Determined from Subsidence Curves. Earth and Planetary Science Letter, 1983(51)
[121] Michael S. Stekler. The Role of the Thermal-Mechanical Structure of the Lithosphere in the Formation of Sedimentary Basins. In:Quantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy, T.A. Cross, ed…,Prentice Hall,1989, P89-112
[122] M. Rnato, Darros de Matos. Geometry of the Hanging Wall Above a System of Listric Normal Fault-A Numerical Soution. AAPG, 1993(77)11:1839-1859
[123] N. J. Kusznir, and P.A. Ziegler. The Mechanics of Continental Extension and Sedimentary Formation: A Simple-shear Pure-shear Flexural Canvileve Model. Tectonophysics, 1992,215:117-131
[125] N. J. Kusznir, A. Ziegler. The Mechanics Continental Extension and Sedimentary Base in Formation: A Simple-shear/pure-shear Flexural Cantilever Model. In Ziegler P A, ed. Geodynamics of Rifting, Vol. ⅢThematic Discussion, Tectonophysics, 1992, 215:117-131
[126] N. J. Kuszir, G. D. Karner, S.Egan. Geometric, Thermal and Isostatic Consequences of Lithospheric Extension Using Low Angle Faults and Detachments. In:C. Beaumont and A. J. TanKard(Editors), Sedimentary Basin and Basin-forming Mechanisms, Can. Soe. Pet. Geol. Mem,1987
[127] N. J. White, J.A. Jackson and Mckenzie DP. The Relationship between the Geometry of Normal Faults and that of the Sedimentary Layers in their Hanging Walls. Structural Geology, 1986(8):897~909
[128] P. Molar. Continental Tectonics in the Aftermath of Plate Tectonics. Nature, 1988,335:131-137
[129] Randell Stephenson. Beyond First-Order Thermal Subsidence Models For Sedimentary Basins: In: Quantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy, T. A. Cross, ed., Prentice Hall, 1989,P113-125
[130] R. W. Schlishe. Geometry and Origin of Fault-related Folds in Extensional Settings. AAPG,1995(79)11:1661-1678
[131] S. Maruyama. Plume Tectonics. J. Geol. Soc. Japan, 1994(100):24-49
[132] T. P. Harding and J. D. Lowell. Structural Styles, Their Plate-Tectonic Habitats, and Hydrocarbon Traps in Petroleum Provinces. AAPG,1979(63)7:1016-1058
[133] T. P. Harding. Seismic Characteristics and Identification of Negative Flower Structures, Positive Flower Structures, and Positive Structural Inversion. AAPG,1985(69)4:582-600
[134] T. J. Duckelman,J. A. Karson and B. R. Rosendahl. Structural style of the Turkana Rift, Kenya. Geology, 1998(16):258-261
[135] T. N. Irie et al. A Guide to the Mechanic Classification of the Common Volcanic Rocks. Can. J. Earth sci,. 1971,8:532-548
[136] T. P. Harding. Graben Hydrocarbon Occurrences and Structural Style. AAPG,1984(68)3:333-362
[137] U. Allan. Model for Hydrocarbon Migration and Entrapment with in Faulted Structures. AAPG, 1989(73)7:803-811
[138] W. D. Mooney et al. Composition of the Lower Crust: Inferences form Coincident Seismic Reflection/ Refraction Profiles. IUGG 19, General Assembly, Abstr, 1987, 1-55
[139] W. F. Dula. Geometric Models of Listric Normal Faults and Roller Folds. AAPG, 1991(75):1609~1625
[140] Wang Dezi, et al. The Mesozoic Volcanic-intrusive Complexes and their Metallengenic Relation in East China. Science Press, Beijing China, 1996
[141] Cloethingh S and Kooi H. Intraplate stresses and dynamical aspects of rift basin. Tectonophysics, 1992. 215:167-185
[142] Cloethingh S,Teemst P, Kooi H and Fanavoll S. Intraplate stresses and the post-Cretaceous uplift and subsidence in northern Atlantic basin. Norwey Geol. Tidssk, 1992.172:229-235
[143] Condie K C . Geochemistry and tectonic setting of early Proterozoic supercrustal rocks in the south western United States. J. Geology, 1986 .94: 845-816
[144] Boston Barker E G..A geochemical evaluation of petroleum migration and accumulation. in : Funda-mental Aspects of Petroleum Geochemistry. New York, Elsever: 1967 ,299-329(B. Navy and V. Colombo, etc.)
[145] Allmendinger R W et al. 1983 . Cenozoic and Mesozoic Structure of the Eastern Basin and Range Province, Utah, from COCORP Seismic Reflection Data. Geology, 11: 532-536
[146] Bueeuss R C. Fluorescence microscopy of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions: Relative timing of hydrocarbon Migration events in the Arkona basin . NW Arkansas . Union , 61: 400
[147] Demaison G and Huizinga B J. Genetic classification of petroleum systems. AAPG Bulletin, 1991. 75(10): 1626~1643
[148 Dou L. Characteristics of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic rift –type petroleum systems in Northeast and East China. AAPG Annual Congress (Abstract) 1995.
[149] Dow W G. Application of oil –correlation and source –rock data to exploration in Williston basin .AAPC Bulletin, 1974. (7): 1253-1262
[150] Gill J B. Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics. Springer –Verlog, Berlin ,1981.
[151] Harding T P. Graben hydrocarbon occurrences and structural styles. AAPC Bulletin, 1984.68(3): 333-362
[152] Magoon L B. The petroleum system –A classification scheme for research, exploration, and resource assessment. in : Magoon L B. Petroleum systems of the United States, 1988.
[153] Faulds.J.E.,and Varga.R.J.,1998,The role of accommodation zones and transfer zones in the regional segmentation of extended terranes[A]. in Faulds. J.E.and Stewart,J.H.,eds., Accommodation Zones and
[154] Transfer Zones: The Regional Segmentation of the Basin and Range Province[C]: Boulder, Colorado GeologySociety of America Special Paper 323.pp.1-45
[155] Nedkvitne T et al.1993. Relationship between reservoir diagnetic evolution and petroleum emplacement in the Ula Filed North Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 10:255~270
[156] Perodon A.1992. Petroleum systems:models and applications. Journal of Petroleum Geology. 15(3):319~326Perrodon A , P Masse. 1984. Sudsidence, Sedimentation and petroleum systems. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 7(1):5-26
[157] Roger K Mclimans. 1987. The application of fluid inclusion to migration of oil and diagenesis in petroleum ressrvcirs. Applied Geochemistry, 2:585-603
[158] Smith D A. 1980.sealing and monsealing faults in Louisana Gulf Coast salt basin, 64:145-172
[159] Sschowalter T T. 1979. Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment. AAPG Bulletin, 63:723-760
[160] Waples D W. Generation and migration of petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid compartments: discussion.AAPG Bulletin, 75(2):326-327