摘要
自上世纪 60 年代末 70 年代初,加拿大作曲家、科学家 R. Murray Schafer
教授创建“Soundscape——声音景观”的思想以来,首先在加拿大,以后通过
《European Sound Diary》和《Five Village Soundscapes》二书的出版,将
这一思想推广到了欧洲。在英国,制订了整个《社会的目标》的内容和具体的
实施计划。在日本,成立了“音景研究会”的学术团体。在华人学者中,台湾
及海外学者发表过相关学术论文。本人最先在《北京联合大学学报》(2001 年
增刊)发表了《Soundscape 通告》。以后,陆续发表过多篇相关论文,并在此
基础上深入研究,完成了博士论文——《声景研究和声景设计》。
首先,从“趣味哲学”——美学的角度,对听的感受进行了探索,为声景
研究奠定了美学基础。本研究成果之一的“听能形成”是建立声音感性的训练
和教育系统,是建立正确的声音意识,培养对声音感性的有效方法。本研究成
果之二是收集了大量的声音素材,建立了“声音博物馆”数据库,通过它可以
更清晰的认识我们周围的声音,并由此上升到应用于能动地创造声音环境。本
研究成果之三是对住宅小区内的声音和声景展开了广泛的调查,提出了住宅小
区声景的评价方法和评估标准,这不仅可以为住宅小区的开发与建设,而且也
可以为购房者从声音环境的角度提供参考和咨询。同时,结合 2008 年北京“奥
运”建筑项目,对《绿色奥运建筑评估体系》中有关声环境条款进行了必要的
说明。最后,在以上研究成果的基础上,归纳总结了声景设计方法和步骤,开
展了基于“Soundscape 思想”的声景设计实践活动。
“Soundscape——声音景观”,简称“声景”。声景研究是人居环境科学的
一个研究领域和应用方向。它不仅仅是听觉效果,还包括视觉效果以及人的生
活环境。声景设计是高层次、内在的、综合的,带有很强“责任感”,能动地保
护和创造美的声音环境的行为。总之,通过对 Soundscape 的研究,寻找能动地
创造美好声景的方法,通过有意识地 Soundscape Design 决定我们周围的声音
环境。另外,Landscape 和 Soundscape 的相互作用关系值得深入的研究和讨论。
本研究把生活中的声音和人类居住环境联系起来加以深入的探讨,从“人
—声音—环境”三者之间相互关系及其相关问题为新的切入点,期待着在人居
环境科学、人类文化学、声学、噪声控制、景观环境设计等领域有所新的发展。
The new concept of soundscape has been spread to Europe through the publication of
the books EUROPEAN SOUND DIARY and FIVE VILLAGE SOUNDSCAPES
since it was first created at the late 1960’s and early 1970’s by the Canadian composer
and scientist professor R. Murray Schafer in Canada. In Britain the entire Goals of the
Society and specific implementation content were set up. In Japan the scholar
community Research Association of Soundscape was established. Among Chinese
scholars, Taiwan and oversea scholars published a series of related articles. This study
was first published in Journal of Beijing United University (additional edition 2001)
with the title of Announcement of Soundscape.
This study first explores the feeling of the listener from the point of view of
Philosophy-aesthetics and therefore establishes the aesthetic foundation for the
research of soundscape. One of the achievements of this study is to establish the
intuition training of sound, the related education system and the correct consciousness
of sound so as to incur an effective method of intuition for sound. Another
achievement of this study is the accumulation of a huge amount of sound raw
materials and the database of Sound. It can make us have a better and clear knowledge
of the sound around us in order to improve and create the acoustic from a higher point
of view of cognition. The third achievement of this study is the wide survey of sound
and soundscape in residential areas and the proposal of evaluation methods and
evaluation standards based on the thinking of soundscape.
The design of soundscape is a high-level, internal, comprehensive and highly
responsible behavior that dynamically protects and creates the beautiful sound and
acoustic. Through the study of soundscape, we can find a dynamic method of creating
a good soundscape and therefore decide on the soundscape around us by way of
conscious soundscape design.
This study has an in-depth exploration by combining the sound in life with the living
environment of human being and concludes with the thesis of the doctor’s degree
SOUNDSCAPE STUDY AND SOUNDSCAPE DESIGN with the study as the basis.
To start with the interconnection between human, sound and environment and related
issues, I expect to have a further progress and development of study in the field of The
Sciences of Human Settlements, human culture, acoustic, noise control and landscape
design.
引文
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