摘要
云南位于云贵高原,是一个高原山区省份,其自然地理特殊,地形起伏巨大,地貌极为破碎,生态系统多样、复杂、脆弱。当前,随着“西部大开发”、“中国—东盟自由贸易区建设”、“澜沧江—湄公河次区域经济合作”和云南省国际大通道建设战略等重大战略的开展,系列重大交通基础设施建设,尤其是山地高速公路的建设和运营将使全省的生态环境系统受到持续和大规模的扰动而处于快速变化时期,利用3S(GIS、GPS、RS)技术开展云南山地公路沿线生态环境研究十分迫切。
GIS是为特定应用目标建立的空间信息系统,对有关空间数据进行处理、输入、存贮、查询、检索、分析、显示、更新和提供应用的技术系统;GPS是新一代空间卫星导航定位系统,其主要目的是为陆、海、空三大领域提供实时、全天候和全球性的导航服务;RS是在不直接接触的情况下,对目标或自然现象远距离探测和感知的一种技术。
目前,在国内外,3S(GIS、6PS、RS)技术在公路规划、可行性研究、路线方案选定、公路建设、尤其是高速公路隧道和桥梁的规划与建设方面已有较多的应用,但3S技术在山地公路沿线生态环境方面的应用和研究还较匮乏。因此,本文通过3S技术的应用,科学分析公路建设对生态环境的影响,研发基于3S技术的山地公路沿线生态环境信息管理系统对山地公路路域生态环境保护有重要社会现实意义。
本文基于3S技术,建立山地公路沿线生态环境信息管理系统,主要研究ESRI MapObjects在公路沿线生态环境系统中的开发与应用,结合开发语言Visual Basic 6.0、ESRI MapObjects和数据库平台SQL Server2000的优势进行山地公路沿线生态环境信息管理系统的建设。开发出的系统实现了地图的显示、放大、缩小、漫游、鹰眼、添加公路、水系、植被等各种专题图等常规的GIS功能;实现了对图元信息的录入、删除和编辑;实现了对图层信息的查询统计功能。在云南主体公路中,根据不同公路的特点,经过调研和分析,选取昆明——石林高速公路重点就景观功能受损生态环境信息方面进行分析和应用研究;选取大理——保山高速公路重点就山地自然灾害生态环境信息方面进行分析和应用研究;选取思茅——小勐养高速公路重点就生物多样性保护生态环境信息方面进行分析和应用研究。在山地公路沿线山地自然灾害方面,研究了GPS技术在公路边坡、桥梁及隧道等特征地物在山地自然灾害方面进行实时和事后监测的应用及构想。
Yunnan province lies in the plateau of Yun-Gui and is a plateau mountain area. Its physical geography is special, the topography rises and falls enormously, the ground form is extremely broken, the ecosystem is various , complicated , fragile.At present, with the large development of western regions , " China- the construction of ASEAN Free Trade Area ", " Lancang River - Mekong River sub-region economic cooperation ", and great development of strategy of Yunnan Province international large passway building strategy,Basic construction of facilities of serial great traffic, especially the construction and operation of the expressway of mountain region will make the ecological environment system of the whole province receive the lasting and extensive perturbation and is in changing period fastUtilizing 3S (GIS , GPS , RS ) technology along the line of launching the mountain region highway of Yunnan, ecological environment research is very urgent.GIS is for using the space information system set up of the goal specifically , is it deal with , input , store , inquire about , search , analyse , show , upgrade and offer the technological system used to go on to relevant space data.GPS if a new generation space satellite navigate navigation system, main purpose is to offer real-time , all-weather and global navigation service for land , sea , empty three major fields.RS is under the condition that do not contact directly , a kind of technology surveyed and perceiving to the goal or the natural phenomena remotely.At present, at home and abroad, 3S (GIS , GPS , RS ) Technology is in the planning of highways, feasibility research, route scheme select, for more application road construction , especially expressway tunnel and planning and construction aspect of bridge.But the application and studying also more deficient in ecological environment along the line of the highway of mountain region of 3S technology.So, this dissertation analyses the impact on ecological environment of road construction scientifically through the application of 3S technology, There are important social realistic meanings to the highway way land ecological environmental protection of mountain region in the information management system of the ecological environment along the line of researching and developing the highway of mountain region based on 3S technology.The dissertation sets up the information management system of the ecological environment along the line of the highway of mountain region by means of 3S technology, studies primarily in development of ESRI MapObjects and application in the ecological
environment system in the highway. Combining the advantages of developing language Visual Basic 6.0, ESRI MapObjects and database platform SQL Server2000 ,the dissertation carrys on the construction of the information management system of the ecological environment along the line of the highway of mountain region .The system developed has been realized routine GIS functions of various kinds of thematic maps such as the display of the map, enlarges , dwindles , roams , hawk's eyes , adding the highway , river system , vegetation ,etc.Including collection,deletion and edition of map meta information Realizing the function of layer information of maps statistics and querying. In the subject highway of Yunnan, according to the characteristics of different highways, through surveying and studying and analysing, choose Kunming -The stone forest expressway to carry on analysis and application study on function damaged ecological environment information of the view especially;Choose Dali -The expressway of Baoshan to carry on analysis and application study on natural calamity ecological environment information in the mountain region especially; And choose Simao -Small Meng raises the expressway to carry on analysis and application study on ecological environment protection information of bio-diversity especially. In natural calamity of mountain region along the line of the highway of mountain region, study GPS technology realtime application and afterwards monitor in such characteristic ground things as the slope , bridge and tunnel ,etc.
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