摘要
建设社会主义新农村是我国未来经济社会发展的战略重点，其中农村电网的建设和发展起到了至关重要的支撑与促进作用。由于历史的原因，我国目前还没有形成完善的、可持续发展的农电体系和管理体制。为适应新时期农村建设的要求，为新农村建设提供坚实的发展基础，农村电力中长期的发展已成为当前迫切需要研究的问题。目前，在农村电力改革、农电企业管理、农电体制等领域已有研究进行过初步的探讨，但总体而言，此领域的研究还处于探索阶段，需要进行更为系统和深入的研究与讨论。
基于此，本文以农村电力为研究对象，以农村电力中长期发展为主要问题，重点对三个方面的内容展开讨论。首先，在新农村电力需求消费预测基础上探索如何规划新型农网；其次，研究如何提升农电企业的运营效率和管理水平；第三，讨论农电管理体制的模式选择和配套政策。上述三个方面有关技术、管理与体制的研究构成了我国农电未来发展的内容体系，为农电中长期发展提供了具有针对性的建议和对策，论文主要工作与创新体现在：
①结合新农村电网的特征，在对传统电网规划模型目标函数进行改进的基础上，提出了新农村电网规划的基础模型，并进一步提出了考虑分布式电源接入农村电网情形下的新型农网规划模型。论文通过对新农村电力消费需求特点的分析，通过模拟分布式电源接入农网的运行情况，研究实现“小电源”与配网互动的需要，讨论分布式电源对农网潮流、线损及供电可靠性的影响。上述内容为未来新型农网的建立提供了技术支撑。
②采用数据包络分析的方法，以国家电力企业为参照，比较了农电企业在综合技术效率表现上的差距，分析了产生上述差异的主要原因。论文证实了农村电力企业在综合运作效率上与国电企业存在差距，这为农电体制改革过程中提升农电企业效率的方向找到了实证支撑。同时，论文进一步分析了影响农电企业运营效率的主要因素，建议在售电量、线损和人员分流增效方面不断提升农电企业的运营效率和管理水平。
③针对我国电力体制的形势，分别提出了我国农电管理体制的近期模式和中长期发展模式。论文在分析制约农电体制改革的内外因素的基础上，针对我国农电管理现状，提出了具有实际操作意义的农电管理模式，并且针对我国农电当前形势和未来发展趋势，分别设计了近期模式和中长期发展模式。近期模式主要是针对目前四种主要的农电体制模式提出了短期发展方向，农电体制中长期发展模式则基于未来深化电力体制改革对农电工作的相关要求提出了农电企业未来运营的可能模式。同时，从电价政策、投融资政策和税收政策等方面讨论了农电体制改革的保障机制。本文提出的近期和中长期模式有利于循序渐进地解决当前我国农电管理体制存在的问题，能够为我国的农电体制改革工作提供决策支持，具有创新性和实际意义。
The development of new rural grid suppot and improve the construction newsocialist rural countryside which is the essential strategy of China. There hasn’t aperfect and sustainable rural power management system so far in China due to somehistorical problems. Studying the development of rural power is quite important for theconstruction of new socialist rural countryside. There are some primary researches onrural power management system reform, rural power corporation operation, however,much more deep and systemic research is needed.
This thesis studies three main issues. One is to figure out how to plan the new ruralpower grid based on the forcast of new rural power demand, the other one is to studyhow to improve the operation efficiency and management level of rual powercorporation, and the another one is to explore the mode and supportive policy of ruralpower management system. In all, this paper is made up of the technology, managementand system of rural power and it can provide valid suggestion for the development ofChina rural power. The great innovations of this paper are as follows:
①Build a basic planning model of new rural power grid, and improve it into a newmodel which considering the distributed generator (DG) plug-in the rural power grid.This paper studies the impact of distributed generator on the rual power grid’s powerflow, line loss and power supply reliability through analyzing the characteristics of newrual power demand and simulating the DG plug-in rural power grid. The above researchprovides technology support for the construction of the future new rural power grid.
②Compare the efficiency of rural power companies with state-owned powercorporation by using DEA method and analyze the main reasons which cause thesedifferences. This paper proves that the general operation efficiency of rural powercompanies is weaker than the state-owned power corporation and this discoveryprovides realistic support for the improvement of rural power company’s efficiencyduring the rural power system reform. Furthermore, this paper studies the main factorsof operation efficiency of rural power companies, and suggests that improve the powersales, line loss and staff reduction so as to increase the operation efficiency andmanagement level
③Put forward the recent and medium-and-long term modes of rural powermanagement system aiming at the situation of power management system. This paper puts forward flexiable rural power management mode based on the analysis of factors ofrestricting rural power system reform. Meanwhile it designs both recent andmedium-and-long term modes considering the recent situation and future trend of ruralpower system in which the recent mode is about the short-term direction of the fourmain rural power management types and the medium-and-ling term mode takes intoaccount the requirments of deepping power system reform in the future. This paperstudies the power price policy, investment policy and tax policy to support the ruralpower reform. The recent and medium-and-long term modes of rural powermanagement system can help solve the problems of rural power reform gradually andprovides policy support for the reform. The work of this paper is innovative and ofrealistic significance.
引文
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