我国高新技术企业知识产权融资研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
在我国调整产业结构、转变经济增长方式、建立创新型国家的背景下,高新技术企业的发展事关整个国家的经济命脉,但资金问题一直是制约高新技术企业发展的瓶颈。本文立足当前,结合数据说明我国高新技术企业目前主要以内源融资为主,获得的外源资金有限,企业的融资难题没有得到根本解决。虽然我国的融资环境与国外相比还有很大的差距,但确实是在不断的改善。如何在这种不断改善的环境下,利用高新技术企业自身的宝贵资源——知识产权,结合现有的融资渠道,创新操作性强的融资方式来解决高新技术企业资金短缺的问题具有重大的现实意义。
     本文在分析知识产权融资的可行性后,结合现有融资渠道总结了九种知识产权融资方式,根据高新技术企业不同成长周期阶段的融资特征,结合相应的融资理论,提出了企业在不同生命周期阶段的知识产权融资策略。文章进一步指出了目前知识产权融资在我国的开展情况,参照发达国家利用知识产权融资的成功经验,指出现阶段制约我国高新技术企业知识产权融资发展的因素,学习国外经验的同时立足我国的国情,对如何发展我国高新技术企业知识产权融资进行了思考,为知识产权融资相关政策的制定提供一定的理论参考。发展知识产权融资除了政府的主导和支持外,还需要金融机构、中介机构以及高新技术企业自身全方位、多层次的通力合作:政府职能的发挥除了体现在为高新技术企业知识产权融资提供一个良好的外部环境,还体现在为具体的知识产权融资方式提供政策上的支持;以银行为代表的金融机构要转变传统的经营理念,灵活创新业务,同时要注意风险的防范;知识产权评估机构要运用科学的评估方法,注重与其他机构的合作,并加强自身评估队伍的建设;高新技术企业自身除了加强对知识产权的保护,还要提高信息的透明度以及树立良好的企业形象。
In the background of adjustment of China's industrial structure, transformation of economic growth and establishment of an innovation-oriented country, the development of high-tech enterprises have important relations to the country's economic lifeline, but it is restricted by the lack of money. This article bases on the current situation, combines with the data to show that the high-tech enterprise funds mainly come from China itself, and the external funds are limited in China. That is to say the financing problem has not been fundamentally resolved. Compare with the foreign financing environment, China still lags behind. But it has been constantly improved. It has more realistic significance that how to solve the shortage of the funds of high-tech enterprise with the valuable resources of the high-tech enterprises-intellectual property rights, the already existed financing channels and the innovative operable financing ways under the continuous improving financing environment.
     The author of this paper lists nine intellectual property financing ways with the analysis of the feasibility of intellectual property financing and the already existed financing channels. Combining the theory of financial growth cycle and characteristics, the author proposes the intellectual property financing strategy of high-tech enterprises in different stages specifically. The author of this article analyzes the situation of intellectual property financing carried out in China and points out the constraints that impact the development of China's intellectual property financing in the current with the reference of the successful intellectual property financing experience of developed countries. In this paper, the author suggests that China should study the advanced experience of foreign countries bases on its national conditions to develop intellectual property financing. In addition to the guidance and support of the government, it also needs multi-level cooperation of financial institutions, intermediaries and high-tech enterprises to develop the high-tech intellectual property financing. The government not only provides a favorable financing environment, but also gives policy support for the high-tech enterprises' intellectual property financing. Bank financial institutions should change the traditional business philosophy, innovate the services flexibly and always keep in mind the risk prevention. Intellectual property assessment organizations should use scientific assessment methods, cooperate with other agencies and strengthen the self-assessment team building. In addition to strengthen the protection of intellectual property, improve the transparency of information and establish a good enterprise image, the high-tech enterprises should also pay more attention to the choice of the strategies of intellectual property financing.
引文
2数据来源:2010年国家知识产权局统计年报
    3国家知识产权局规划发展司专利统计简报.2011年第16期(总第115期),2011年12月14日
    1本图根据梁莱歆《高新技术企业融资策略与方法》(2003)整理而来
    5资料来源:凤凰网,http://news.ifeng.com/opinion/gundong/detail_2011_10/13/9808259_0.shtml
    7资料来源:2008科技型中小企业技术创新基金年度报告
    8该图引自苑泽明.知识产权融资的风险、股价与对策[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2010:93-95
    9该图引自苑泽明.知识产权融资的风险、估价和对策[J].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2010:102
    10该图引自熊春红,肖海知.识产权证券化的国际借鉴与路径依赖[J].改革,2009(8):103
    [1]于春红.我国高新技术企业融资体系研究[M].中国经济出版社,2009:1-4
    [2]任晓玲.2011年全球创新指数排名:中国首次进入前30位[J].中国发明与专利,2011(9):100
    [3]Strahan,Philip E. and Weston,James P.Small business lending and the changing structure of the banking industry [J]. Journal of Banking and Finance,1998 (22):821-845
    [4]Meyer, Laurence H. The Present and Future Roles of Banks in Small Business Finance [J]. Journal of Banking and Finance,1998 (22):1109-1116
    [5]Stiglitz Joseph E. and Weiss,Andrew. Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information [J]. The American Economic Review,1981 (6):393-410
    [6]Sahlman W.A.The Strcuture and Governance of Venture-captial Organizations [J]. Journal of Financial Economics,1990 (27):273-521
    [7]Adimati,Armand Pfleiderer,P.robust financial contracting and the role of venture capitalist [J]. Journal of finance,1994(16):371-402.
    [8]林毅夫,李永军.中小金融机构与中小企业融资[J].经济研究,2001(1):11-18
    [9]于春红.我国高新技术企业融资体系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2007(12):99-102
    [10]张玉明.资本结构优化与高新技术企业融资策略[M].上海:生活.读书.新知三联书店,2003:237-248
    [11]丁跃武,杨晓青,付华民.科技型中小企业融资方式创新的探讨[J].华东经济管理,2005(5):90-93
    [12]刘云,樊霞.基于产品生命周期的高新技术企业融资模式研究[J].企业管理,2006:26-29
    [13]孟颖,刘骏民.我国私募股权基金的发展前景及政策建议[J].投资研究,2008(10):31-35
    [14]Hellmamm T,Puri M.The Interaction between Product Market and Financing Strategy:The Role of Venture Captial[J]. Review of Financial Studies,2000(13):959-984
    [15]Svensson R.Commercialization of Patents and External Financing During the R&D Phase[J]. Research Policy,2007 (7):78-81
    [16]Andrew E.Katz.Financial Alchemy Turns Intellectual Property Into Cash:Securitization of Trademarks,Copyrights,and Other Intellectual Property Assets [J]. Journal of Structured &Project Finance,2003(4):55
    [17]Takahiro,Kobayashi.Securitizing intellectual property in Japan [J]. International Financial Law Review, Supplement-Japan,2004
    [18]Jayant,Kumar.Intellectual Property Securitization:How Far Possible and Effective [J]. Journal of Intellectual Property Rights,2006 (2):98-102
    [19]Namita Chandra. Valuation of intellectual property rights [J]. Corporate Law Cases,2005:465
    [20]David Goldheim,Gene Slowinski,JosephDaniele,Edward Hummel,John Tao.Extracting Value From Intellectual Assets [J]. Research Technology Management,2005 (02):41-48
    [21]Ming—Cheng Wu,Chun—Yao Tseng.Valuation of patent—a real options perspective [J]. Applied Economics Letters,2006 (5):313-318
    [22]苑泽明.中小创新型企业知识产权融资核心路径[J].企业经济,2010(9):5-9
    [23]余渊.关于无形资产融资担保若干问题的探讨[J].现代管理科学,2004(12):106-107
    [24]龚莉.浅析知识产权质押贷款——科技型中小企业融资新路径[J].江苏科技信息,2007(5):28-29
    [25]李希义,蒋琇.政府支持下的知识产权质押贷款模式及其特征分析[J].科技与法律,2009(5):8-12
    [26]白少布.知识产权质押担保供应链融资运作模式研究[J].经济问题探索,2010(7):67-71
    [27]席东升.知识产权质押贷款融资的对策与研究[J].太原科技,2008(11):51
    [28]张伯友.知识产权质押融资的风险分解与分步控制[J].工作研究,2009(3):32-34
    [29]李增福,郑友环.中小企业知识产权质押贷款的风险分析与模式构建[J].宏观经济研究,2010(4):59-62
    [30]高文杰.我国中小型高新技术企业知识产权融资方式的动态比较分析[D].[硕士学位论文].合肥:2011
    [31]陈晓红,黎璞.我国中小企业资产证券化的突破模式[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2003(9):97-100
    [32]汤珊芬,程良友.知识产权证券化探析[J].科学管理研究,2006(4):53-56
    [33]袁晓东,李晓桃.专利资产证券化解析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008(6):56-60
    [34]苑泽明,姚王信,高婷.企业知识产权融资:需求、供给与实现路径[J].华东经济管理,2010(5):78-82
    [35]纂良群.高新技术产业政策管理体系研究[D].[博士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2005:27-28
    [36]吴中志.高新技术产业化的综合评价方法[J].中南财经大学学报,2001(3):42-43
    [37]苑泽明.知识产权融资的风险、估价与对策[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2010:35-37
    [38]赵玉林,李晓霞.国外高技术产业投融资体系中的政府行为分析[J].中国软科学,2000(5):54
    [39]刘振,宋献中.国外高新技术企业融资机制比较与借鉴[J].经济纵横,2007(11):58-60
    [40]许平彩.我国高新技术企业融资问题探讨[J].中国乡镇企业会计.2009(1):63-64
    [41]杨东.我国创业板市场与高新技术产业发展研究[D].[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2011:45-47
    [42]苏峻.中小企业融资研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2011:10-34
    [43]左永刚.发力中小企业信贷银行创新服务求双赢[N].中国高新技术产业导报,2011-8-1(A06)
    [44]李顺德.知识产权概论[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2006:12-13
    [45]陈容,干胜道.权衡理论与优序融资理论的比较研究[J].商业研究,2008(5):37
    [46]刘肠.优序融资理论的实证研究综述[J].金融与保险,2011(3):90
    [47]苑泽明.知识产权融资的风险、股价与对策[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2010:93-135
    [48]华荷锋.基于企业生命周期的知识产权融资策略研究[J].科技与经济,2010(6):50
    [49]黄宏斌,苑泽明.论我国高新技术企业知识产权融资问题与成因[J].特区经济,2011(8):248
    [50]杨建平.科技型企业知识产权质押融资问题研究[D].[硕士学位论文].天津:天津工业大学,2008:21-22
    [51]丘志乔.知识产权质押融资制度的立法完善[J].特区经济,2011(4):250-251
    [52]李和金.专利资产证券化的法律问题探讨[J].金融与法律,2009(5):73-77.
    [53]靳晓东.我国专利资产证券化法律制度的完善[J].法学杂志,2010(51):85-87
    [54]陈见丽.中小型科技企业知识产权质押融资的风险控制[J].经济纵横,2011(7):113-114
    [55]朱佳俊,郑建国,薛伟业.金融危机下创意产业知识产权多元化融资服务模式研究[J].科技和产业,2010(2):6-7
    [56]吴升华.企业知识产权质押融资风险控制刍议[D].[硕士学位论文].上海:复旦大学,2011:23
    [57]董晓燕.中小高新技术企业专利证券化融资研究[D].[硕士学位论文].兰州:兰州大学,2008:20-22
    [58]杨柳.改进科技型中小企业创新基金运行机制的思考[J].财务探索,2007(3):42-43
    [59]李俊武.中小金融机构发展与中小企业融资[D].[硕士学位论文].广州:暨南大学,2010:50-51
    [60]岳公伙.加强专业能力建设提高知识产权评估的服务水平[J].中国资产评估,2011(1):18-19
    [61]代军.中小高新技术企业融资困境及解决途径[D].[硕士学位论文].北京:首都经济贸易大学,2006:32
    [62]姚王信.企业知识产权融资研究:理论、模型和应用[D].[博士学位论文].天津:天津财经大学,2011:74-76
    [63]网易科技:http://tech.163.com/12/0507/05/80SK4R3J000915BF.html