摘要
本论文依托中国地质调查局下达的“北京浅层地温能资源评价示范”工作项目。项目的总体目标任务是:调查评价北京浅层地温能资源;开展浅层地温能资源量评价示范,为制定《浅层地温能资源调查评价示范》奠定基础。通过示范,为政府推广地源热泵空调系统提供规划依据,促进新能源的利用和发展。本项目工作区范围为北京市平原区,其中以北京市总体规划城区、通州、顺义、亦庄重点发展新城区约1800km2为工作重点区域。其余区域考虑到地域经济不发达,以农田、林业、果园居多,短期内浅层地温能利用情况很少,为非重点工作区域。
本论文回顾了浅层地温能资源开发利用的国内外发展现状。浅层地温能的开发利用在欧美国家起始于上个世纪七十年代,1973年能源危机的推动,使浅层地温能资源的利用形成了一个高潮。目前,欧洲的地源热泵理论和技术均高度发达,这种“一举两得”并且环保的技术在发达国家业已广泛使用。我国浅层地温能资源开发利用近十余年已开始起步,而且发展势头看好。其中尤以北京、沈阳等城市发展速度较快,工程项目规模也较大。至2006年底,北京已建地源热泵工程项目近500个,服务建筑面积800万m2左右。
本论文还总结了浅层地温能资源开发利用中存在的问题。浅层地温能开发利用的相关基础研究工作滞后;地源热泵系统施工质量存在问题;对浅层地温能资源开发利用中可能导致的环境影响缺乏研究;相关的政策、法规、规范还不够健全。
本论文对浅层地温能资源评价方法进行了研究。分定性评价和定量评价。定性评价采取打分的方法,充分考虑到影响浅层地温能资源的诸多因素,分清主次,对浅层地温能资源进行区域划分。定量评价分两种,一是静态储量评价,再一个是可开采量(热承载能力)评价。本文依据现有的水文、物探资料初步对北京平原区重点区域进行了适宜性分区;计算了水源热泵系统适宜区静态储量(每平方公里面积100m深度2.8×10~8kj/h)及可开采量(0.39×10~5kw),计算了地埋管热泵系统适宜区静态储量(2.45-3.58×10~(11)/km2)及可开采量(4.56×10~5kw)。
本论文主要研究成果及创新点如下:
通过多学科(地质、水文地质及暖通空调)综合研究课题提出了一套评价浅层地热资源的方法,包括区域性评价方法(为政府规划服务)和具体工程项目评价方法(为设计部门服务);
首次对北京地区浅层地热能进行初步区划;
首次对北京市平原区重点区域进行了定性及定量评价;
首次对实际地埋管热泵系统勘查工作进行了研究;
此项研究工作在北京乃至全国都属首次,具有一定的开创性、探索性,具有一定的示范性。
The paper relies on the "Beijing shallow geothermal energy resources evaluation and demonstration" project issued by China Geological Survey. The overall objective of the project is: Investigation on the Beijing shallow geothermal energy resources; Conduct the shallow geothermal energy resources evaluation and demonstration in order to settle the foundation of "Beijing shallow geothermal energy resources evaluation and demonstration" project. Through the demonstration, it provides a planning basis for government to promote the ground source heat pump system and boost the utilization and development of new energy. The work area of the project is Beijing plain. Emphasized area includes 1800km2 of overall planning city zone of Beijing and new urban areas of Tongzhou, Shunyi and Yizhuang. Because of poor regional economic development, the non-emphasized work areas include farmland, forestry, orchards that have little utilization of shallow geothermal energy resources in the short term.
This paper reviews the development and utilization situation of shallow geothermal energy resources at home and abroad. The development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in the United States began in the last century 1970s. With the push of energy crisis in 1973, the utilization of shallow geothermal energy resources reached a climax. Currently, the theory and technology of ground source heat pump in European are highly developed. This kind of“kills two birds with one stone" and environmentally friendly technology have already been in widespread use in developed countries. The GSHP (ground source heat pump) in China has been developed in the last decade and in good development momentum, it is in faster development especially in Beijing, Shenyang and other cities and the projects are also in larger scale. To the end of 2006, Beijing has built nearly 500 projects of ground source heat pump with service area around eight million square kilometers.
This paper also summarizes the existing problems in the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy resources such as the related basic research of shallow geothermal development lags behind; Construction of ground source heat pump system has quality problems; Lack of environmental impact studies on development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy resources; Incomplete of related policies, regulations and norms.
In this paper, the shallow geothermal energy resources evaluation methods are studied - qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Qualitative evaluation adopts the scoring method, taking fully into account the many impact factors of shallow geothermal energy resources, distinguishes priorities and makes regional partition of shallow geothermal energy resources. Quantitative evaluation has two kinds: the first one is the static reserves evaluation; secondly, the extractable exploitation evaluation (thermal load-bearing capacity evaluation). Based on the existing hydrological and geophysical data, this paper makes appropriate zones in emphasized areas in Beijing plain; It calculates the static reserves of WSHP (water source heat pump) appropriate zones (per square kilometer area of 100m depth is 2.8×108kj/h) and extractable exploitation (0.39×105kw); it also calculates the static reserves of appropriate zones of pipe heat pump system (2.45-3.58×1011/km2) and extractable exploitation (4.56×105kw).
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