摘要
电力变压器是电力系统的关键设备,其运行可靠性直接影响电力系统整体安全。局部放电(简称局放)是引起变压器绝缘损坏的主要原因之一,局放定位检测是变压器绝缘机理研究与质量监控的关键项目,是状态维修的重要基础,一直受到电力研究和运行部门的关注。采用超声阵列传感器进行变压器局放定位,可以有效提高定位精度。
本论文在中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“基于超声相控阵的大型变压器局放定位研究”(No.09MG09)和河北省自然科学基金项目“基于超声阵列传感器的电力变压器局部放电在线定位研究”(No.E2010001703)共同资助下,研究了基于空间谱估计的变压器局放超声阵列定位方法,主要研究内容及成果如下：
提出了一种基于Fast Direction Of Arrival (FDOA)的局放超声窄带阵列信号波达方向估计算法。研究了局放超声窄带阵列信号的测向原理和常见算法,建立了局放超声窄带阵列信号及阵列传感器仿真模型,基于FDOA进行了局放超声窄带阵列信号波达方向估计的仿真研究,并与Root Multiple Signal Classification (Root-MUSIC)测向仿真结果进行了对比,结果表明,FastDOA算法优于其他波达方向估计算法,实现了变压器局放超声窄带阵列信号的高精度测向。
提出了一种基于Rotation Signal Subspace (RSS)的变压器局放宽带超声阵列信号聚焦处理算法。研究了变压器局放宽带超声阵列信号聚焦处理的必要性、基本原理和常见算法,基于RSS与FDOA算法进行了局放宽带超声阵列信号聚焦处理及测向的仿真研究,并与Consistent Focusing (CF)仿真结果进行了对比,结果表明,RSS算法具有更好的聚焦处理效果,最大限度地保留了原始信号的宽频空域信息,实现了空间方位信息的累积,解决了FDOA不能直接进行局放宽带超声阵列信号测向的问题。
提出了一种基于多平台测向定位原理及云优化全局搜索的变压器局放超声阵列定位新方法。以空间中到测向线距离和的最小值对应的点为局放源,根据多次测向方位角、俯仰角结果及传感器位置,推导得到局放源的坐标方程,然后采用云优化算法进行全局搜索,获得局放源的空间几何坐标,并进行了仿真研究,仿真结果验证了该定位方法的正确性,保证了变压器局放超声阵列定位的精度。
搭建了一套完整的局放超声阵列定位实验系统。设计、研制了4×4的超声平面阵列传感器,搭建了包括超声阵列传感器、16通道同步数采装置和计算机的局放定位实验平台,开发了基于Lab VIEW的阵列定位软件系统。
研究了阵列传感器的安装及耦合性能测试方法,并开展了大量实验研究,实验结果表明定位成功率高,定位误差小于10cm,满足工程实际要求。
Power transformer is a critical equipment in power systerm,and its operation reliability has a directly impact on the whole safety of power systerm. Partial discharge (PD)is a main reason of transformer insulation faults. PD locating detection is a key project in transformer insulation mechanism research and quality control. Emphasized much by the power depatment,it is an important foundation in tranformer's condition maintenance. The application of ultrasonic array location method for PD in trasformer can effectively improve the locating precision.
Supported by the project of Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(No.09MG09) "Research on PD location of power transformer based on ultrsonic phased array" and Hebei Province Nature Scientific Fund, (No.E2010001703) "Research on PD location online of power transformer based on ultrsonic array sensors".In this paper, the ultrasonic array location methods of PD in transformer based on the spatial spectrum estimation are studied. And the main research acheivements are as follows:
The direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithom of PD's narrowband signal based on Fast Direction Of Arrival (FastDOA) was presented. And the locating principles and usual algorithoms for PD's narrowband ultrasonic signal are stdudied.Model of narrowband array signal and sensors were built.Based on the algorithom of FastDOA, the DOA estimation of PD's narrowband array signal was simulated and compared with the simulation result estimated by using the algorithom of Root Multiple Signal Classification (Root-MUSIC).The result shows that the algorithom of FastDOA has a higher precision.
The algorithom of focusing process based on RSS for PD's broadband ultrasonic array signal in transformer was presented.Here the necessity of the focusing process, as well as its principle and usual algorithoms for PD's broadband ultrasonic array signal were researched.Based on the algorithom of RSS, the focusing process and DOA estimation of PD's broadband ultrasonic array signal were simulated and compared with the simulation result by using the Consistent Focusing (CF) algorithom. The simulation results show that RSS has a better perfomance in focusing process.
Based on multi-platform locating principle and global search with cloud optimazition,a novel method to locate the PD in transformer was presented. According to the direction angle and elevation angle of multiple locating lines and the known coordinates of sensors, the PD source was referred to the point from which the sum of distance in space to all the locating lines got the minmum value.Then global search the min-distance function with cloud optimazition algorithom to obtain the accurate geometric space coordinate of PD source.The simulation researches varify its correctness and feasibility.
A whole set of ultrasonic array experimental systerm for PD location was built. The 4*4 platform ultrasonic sensors used in transformer's PD detection were designed and tested; a set of experimental platform of ultrasonic sensors, preamlifier,16 channles data collector and computer were also built; moreover, the soft systerm based on Lab VIEW for array location was established.
Proceeding with large amount of experiments, array sensors' installation and the coupling test methods were studied. The results show the locating error is less than 10cm, and the location precision meets the requirements of practical projects.
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