摘要
随着面向服务的体系架构（SOA）的出现，基于Internet环境下实现资源共享和业务集成的应用系统成为商务应用系统的发展方向之一。在开放网络下，Web服务的大量涌现使得如何快速发现满足用户需求、特别是非功能性方面需求的服务成为一个重要课题。
目前基于QoS感知的Web服务选择、失效恢复、动态获取等方面存在诸多不足，面临着许多新的挑战。尤其在具有机器学习能力的发现和选择、服务QoS不确定描述的服务选择和服务QoS信任评价机制，服务失效时的服务恢复等方面的研究对于保证用户获取高可靠性、高可用性和高智能性的服务至关重要。为此，本文的研究围绕具有机器学习能力的Web服务选择、服务QoS描述的信任度评价策略和算法、服务QoS的不确定性描述及其服务匹配、基于中间件技术的服务失效处理和QoS约束的服务动态绑定等关键技术展开研究。本论文的主要工作包括以下几方面：
（1）提出了一种基于SVM分类机制的服务选择模型
针对Web服务QoS管理体系架构的特点，提出了一种基于支持向量机分类机制的Web服务选择模型。对于服务请求者的服务QoS需求，首先按照QoS描述模型进行特征规格化处理，把注册中心等级服务QoS信息、服务选择的历史信息以及服务请求者提出服务请求QoS，输入SVM学习机进行训练获得服务分类决策函数，由此可获取候选服务集；再由服务选择匹配模型根据用户偏好和服务效能选择服务。
（2）提出了一种服务QoS不确定性描述的服务选择模型
针对Web服务QoS属性中主观评价的随意性、模糊性难以实现统一表达， Web服务消费者面对多种信任评价机制、多种评价结果的展现形式时发生服务选择决策错误问题，提出了一种基于用户服务QoS的主客观综合评价策略和算法，解决用户QoS信誉意图或QoS主观量化不确定性和服务QoS信任度的综合评价问题，确保服务QoS的信任度和真实度。针对服务市场中相近、功能相似的服务的数量快速动态增长，经过服务匹配后满足功能需求和流程行为的服务集合仍然很大，同时用户对服务QoS描述往往不确定，服务QoS属性描述也不全面，提出了一种QoS描述不确定性的QoS属性推理算法，使不确定的服务QoS属性信息转化为完整QoS属性信息的描述。针对完全主观、客观赋权模式来确定选择服务权重系数具有较大的局限性。提出了一种主客观理想点综合服务选择匹配模型，自然地克服了单纯使用主观、客观的主观性和片面性，使选择的服务既能正确反映服务质量属性的真实性，又能体现主观的偏好，为选择优质Web服务和过滤劣质Web服务提供客观依据。
（3）提出了一种基于反射中间件技术的服务失效检测恢复算法
针对影响服务高可用性的服务失效问题，提出了一种基于QoS感知中心的Q-WSFM模型，利用Q-WSFM模型对服务提供者和服务使用者的服务QoS以及环境和计算资源所影响的QoS各种指标进行检测和量化，并进行必要的协调和调整使得QoS在外部环境和服务内部都能得到保障。针对提高服务可用性方面，在Web服务中配置反射中间件利用QoS感知中心发现QoS动态变化，协商和调整服务的参数配置或改变服务行为内容，提高服务可用性避免服务失效。利用分层混合专家神经网络进行模块化的学习和辨识服务的QoS状态，利用必要的反射中间件配置，实现服务器失效、绑定失效和资源受限下的服务失效处理。
（4）提出了一种QoS约束下的Web服务动态绑定算法
针对开放网络中需要在大量相似、相近的服务信息中以及分布式服务注册库中发现和选择所需服务，提出了通过相似度计算获取相近可替换服务，解决服务命中以及服务绑定失效问题。根据服务网库的独立分布，提出了基于QoS约束的分布式网库搜索算法。根据小世界网络的特征路径短、聚集度高的特性，将提供Web服务的对等节点构造为具有小世界属性的网络，在改进后的蚁群算法的基础上，设计了基于小世界理论的QoS感知的Web服务选择算法。
本文的研究，在江苏省直单位住房公积金业务系统应用平台中得到了初步应用，在体现“需求驱动、按需服务”方面取得了较好的效果；在提高软件复用率、软件的生产效率、增强系统间的融合性、消除系统“信息孤岛”等方面取得了明显效果。基于本文研究HFISS应用系统为实现全省或全国住房公积金“大中心”管理模式在信息化技术上提供了实践验证和有效支撑，其关键技术也可以被应用于虚拟政府和虚拟企业内部优化整合、电子政务和电子商务系统集成等方面，具有良好的应用价值。
With the emergence of service-oriented architecture (SOA)，based on internet environment,sharing resources and business application integration for business becoming one of thedevelopment. Large numbers of the Web services makes how to quickly identify customer needs,particularly non-functional needs to become an important issue.
Current, web service selection, dynamic access, failure recovery based on QoS-aware, whichexist many deficiencies and face many new challenges. Machine learning, user intent uncertaintyQoS service selection and evaluation of service QoS aspects of trust to ensure user access toservices is reliability, availability, and intelligence. So, the research focus on Web serviceselection of machine learning, Web services of QoS-aware,, the user QoS credibility of subjectiveand objective evaluation, failure handling of Web services and decision-making based onmulti-dimensional service quality of service and selection of key techniques to explore and Study.The main work of this thesis include the following:
(1) SVM machine learning is proposed based on the service selection model
Web service based on the characteristics of QoS management architecture is proposed basedon support vector machine learning model for Web service selection.On the requester's needs ofservice for QoS, on the QoS model describes to the characteristics of normalized. According tothe registry information, the history information of service selection, combining with the servicerequestor's of the request, entering into the machine learning machine to learn and train, Candidateservices provided by the learning machine set; then selecting the model of the service and serviceperformance according to user preferences and service performance.
(2) Proposed a QoS uncertainty description of the service service selection model
Function similar of the services market is dynamic growt, after services to meet thefunctional requirements and the matching process after the act is still a great set of services, whileservice users are often having the uncertain QoS intention.For subjective and objective weightingmodel to determine coefficients of the weight which have greater limitations, proposed the ideal ofsubjective and objective integrated empowerment model, which naturally overcome the simpleusing subjective and objective weight mode of subjectivity and bias surface, so select the service quality of service attributes accurately reflect both the authenticity, but also reflects the subjectivepreferences for the selection of poor quality Web services and Web filtering services provide anobjective basis.Fouce on choice of services of the uncertain of QoS attributes, service QoSproperties is proposed uncertainty evaluation method for Web services selection, using the D-Stheory to evaluate the uncertain attribute of QoS. For the subjective evaluation in Web ServiceQoS properties of the randomness, fuzziness which difficult to be achieve uniformexpression.When the Web consumer in the face of the variety of evaluation mechanisms, thevariety show in the form of evaluation results, the decision-making of the service selection occurerrors.Proposed a evaluated methods of the subjective and objective based on the quality of Webservice,Resolve the Intention of the credibility of the user’s QoS or the uncertainty of subjectiveQoS and the subjective and objective evaluation of the issues of Service QoS. Effectively enhancethe dynamic, open network environment, based on QoS Web service discovery, acquisition andportfolio.
(3) Proposed a reflective middleware technology based on the service failure detectionrecovery algorithm
For the failure of service availability problems, we propose a perception model based on QoSCenter Q-WSFM, which using Q-WSFM model of service QoS for service providers and serviceusers, and environmental and computing resources affected by the various QoS Targets fordetection and quantification, and doing necessary coordination and adjustment, making the QoS inthe external environment and internal service can be guaranteed.Improve services for highavailability, the use of reflective middleware technologies and Web services configuration in theuse of reflective middleware QoS to found dynamic changes of the QoS. Adjust the parameters ofconsultation and service configuration or change the contents of service behavior, to improveservice availability to avoid service failure.Hierarchical mixture of experts using a modular neuralnetwork to learn and recognize the services of QoS state, the using of the reflective middlewareconfiguration to achieve server failure, and failure to bind the service under the failure ofresource-constrained processing.
(4) Proposed a QoS-aware Web services based on Dynamic Smart accessing algorithm
For the open network which need similar service in a large number of information anddistributed service registry to find and select the desired service, put forward by the similarity calculation which can be replaced for similar services, binding resolution services, and failures hitof the service, according to the service Independent distribution network database is proposed QoSconstraints which based on distributed network database search algorithm.According to characterof the small-world network which’s path is short, aggregation is high, provide structure to the peernetwork which has small world properties, through a group of improved algorithm, based onsmall-world theory of QoS-aware Web Service Selection algorithm.
The study in this paper has been initially applied in the Jiangsu provincial housing fundapplication platform business system, which has achieved good results In the expression ofdemand-driven and on-demand service, and which has achieved remarkable results in improvingsoftware reuse rate of software productivity, enhancing the integration between systems,eliminating the system islands of information.Which based on this study, HFISS applications canafford a proven and effective support for the data center of province or the National Housing Fundin the information technology management model.The key technology can also be applied tovirtual government and virtual enterprise optimization and integration, e-government ande-commerce systems integration, and which has a good value.
引文
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