摘要
脱靶量是衡量防空导弹制导和控制性能的重要指标,脱靶量测量也一直是国内外一个重要的研究课题。本文研究了利用多普勒频率和弹目空间位置测量防空导弹脱靶量的基本原理和具体方法,主要目的是研究提高利用传统测量手段测量脱靶量精度的数据处理方法或者测量方法。
对于利用多普勒频率测量脱靶量的方法,首先,建立了多普勒频率数学模型,当多普勒频率测量数据只包含随机误差时,将脱靶量估计表示为多普勒频率及其小波分解低频系数的非线性最小二乘拟合问题。然后,利用蒙特卡洛仿真对估计精度影响因素进行了分析,结果表明该拟合方法估计的脱靶量精度很高。最后,针对去除多普勒频率野值的关键问题,建立了多普勒频率野值模型;给出了利用小波多尺度分解和非线性最小二乘拟合估计相结合判别、替换野值的具体步骤;利用仿真对野值去除方法进行了验证,结果表明如果野值数量小于全部数据的三分之一,那么该方法是有效的。
对于利用弹目空间位置测量脱靶量的方法,首先,假设导弹和目标分别作匀速直线运动,建立了利用弹目三维方向测量数据估计脱靶量的数学模型,并且研究了导弹命中与未命中目标两种情况下利用线性最小二乘拟合法重建弹目运动轨迹以及估计脱靶量的方法。然后,建立了多台经纬仪和单部雷达测量弹目空间位置的数学模型,并利用蒙特卡洛仿真分别对经纬仪和雷达测量脱靶量的精度及误差因素进行了分析,结果表明经纬仪测量脱靶量的精度比单部雷达测量的高。最后,由于雷达测角精度和数据采样率低,如何提高雷达测量脱靶量的精度成为关键问题。针对该问题,先假设导弹在三维方向分别作匀加速直线运动,建立了较为精确的导弹运动模型;在此基础上研究了一种利用经纬仪和雷达测量数据融合估计脱靶量的方法,仿真表明该数据融合方法可有效提高雷达测量脱靶量的精度。
The miss distance is an important criterion to judge the ability of guidance and control of an anti-air missile, and the miss distance measurement is always an important research problem both at home and abroad. This paper studies the basic rules and the practical methods of measuring anti-air missile miss distance using Doppler frequency and the space position of the missile and the target, and the major objective is to study the data process methods or the measurement methods which can improve the miss distance accuracy using the traditional measurement means.
When the miss distance is measured using Doppler frequency, a Doppler frequency mathematical model is established at first. If the Doppler frequency data contains the stochastic errors only, the estimation problem of the miss distance is represented as the nonlinear least square fitting of the Doppler frequency data and its low frequency wavelet coefficient. Then, the factors which affect the estimation accuracy are analyzed by the Monte-Carlo simulation, and the result shows that the miss distance accuracy which is estimated by this fitting method is high. At last, the key problem of removing the outliers of Doppler frequency is studied. A mathematical model of the outliers is established, and the specific steps of distinguishing and replacing the outliers using wavelet multi-scale decomposition and the nonlinear least square fitting estimation are given. The method of removing the outliers is proved by the simulation, and the result shows that this method can remove the outliers effectively if the number of the outliers is one-third no more than the number of the total data.
When the miss distance is measured using the space position of the missile and the target, the missile and the target are supposed to fly in rectilinear motion and with constant velocities at first. A mathematical model which estimates the miss distance using the 3-D coordinate measurement data of the missile and the target is established. A method is studied, of which the motion trails of the missile and the target are rebuilt and the miss distance is estimated using the linear least square fitting whether the missile hits the target or not. Then, two mathematical models which measure the space position of the missile and the target using one more photoelectrical theodolites and a radar are established. The miss distance accuracy and the error factors which are measured by the photoelectrical theodolites and the radar are analyzed by the Monte-Carlo simulation, and the result shows that the miss distance accuracy which is measured by the photoelectrical theodolites is higher than which is measured by the radar. At last, the radar's angle measurement accuracy and data sampling rate are low, so how to improve the miss distance measurement accuracy becomes a key problem. In order to solve this problem, the missile is supposed to fly in rectilinear motion and with constant accelerations in the 3-D direction, and an accurate motion model of the missile is established. On the basis of this model, a method of estimating the miss distance using the data fusion of the photoelectrical theodolite and the radar is studied, and the simulation shows that the data fusion can improve the miss distance accuracy effectively which is measured by the radar.
引文
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