摘要
大量经济研究表明，国外直接投资(FDI)会对东道国的经济增长产生显著的推动促进作用，而FDI溢出效应则是推动经济发展的直接动力。经过了30多年的改革开放，中国经济得到了快速的飞跃，并且已经成为全世界最大的外资流入国之一。充分利用FDI溢出效应来促进经济又好又快地发展从而尽快达到共同富裕是我国引进国外直接投资的主要目的。自从改革开放以来，国外资本大量进入中国，推动了中国经济快速增长的同时，也加剧了我国国内区域经济发展的不平衡：我国长期以来主要是东部发达地区外资流入以及经济发展较高，而广大中、西部地区甚至东部的一些地区则相对落后。随着对外开放的不断深入扩大，中国与国际经济的联系日益密切，其差距也在逐渐缩小，因此FDI溢出效应与我国各地区经济发展的关系也发生着变化，如何实现经济的可持续快速发展成为当前经济界讨论的热点。那么，FDI在我国不同区域的溢出效应到底如何？我国影响FDI溢出效应的因素到底是什么，这些因素对FDI溢出效应影响程度到底如何？基于以上问题，本文对我国不同区域间FDI溢出效应的差异以及相关因素与FDI溢出效应之间的关系进行了实证分析研究。
本文将理论和实证相结合，对FDI溢出效应在我国东、中、西部的差异以及我国相关因素对FDI溢出效应产生的影响进行了分析研究。本文首先从经济理论的角度阐述了FDI溢出效应的定义、其对东道国的作用原理以及影响FDI溢出效应的相关因素。然后，本文重点对我国FDI溢出效应的区域差异进行实证研究，分别从静态分析和动态分析两个角度对FDI溢出效应在我国东、中、西部地区的差异以及我国相关因素对FDI溢出效应的影响进行了实证检验。经过实证研究，本文得出下面的结论：国外直接投资能够通过正的FDI溢出效应促进我国各个区域的经济增长，这一点是无容置疑的；FDI溢出效应在我国东、中、西部地区存在较大差异，但是中部和西部地区同东部地区的差异正在逐渐缩小，我国FDI溢出效应已经出现了东部发达地区稳定发展，中西部地区快速发展的形势。另外，在对影响FDI溢出效应的相关因素中，我国经济发展水平、开放程度、基础设施建设规模、人力资源、市场竞争度、投资软环境以及技术差距等都影响着FDI溢出效应的作用。最后，本文提出进一步发展国外直接投资在我国溢出效应的相关建议：继续扩大开放，加快发展当地经济水平，重视科技文化发展尤其是人力资源的培养，加大基础设施建设的力度以及促进市场竞争度。
A large number of studies show that, foreign direct investment (FDI) canpromote the host country’s economy growth significantly, and the FDI spillover effectis the direct motive force to promote the economic. After30years of reform andopening up, China's economy has been developing rapidly, and has become theworld's largest foreign capital inflow area. The main purpose of our countryintroducing foreign direct investment is to make full use of spillover effects of FDI topromote economic development well and fast in order to achieve common prosperity.Since the reform and opening up, great numbers of FDI inflow to China, not onlypromoted the rapid growth of Chinese economy, but also aggravate our country'sunbalanced development of regional economy. The inflow of foreign capital andeconomic development is higher in the eastern developed areas for a very long time,while the majority of central and western region, even some of the eastern area arerelatively backward. With the continuous deepening of opening up, China'sconnection with international economy is increasingly close, the gap of economic isalso gradually reduced, so the relationship between spillover effect of FDI and China'sregional economic development have also changed. How to realize economicsustainable and rapid development of economy has become the key-point. So, what’sthe difference between the spillover effects of FDI in China’s different areas? Whichfactor can influence spillover effect of FDI, and how these factors influence thespillover effect of FDI? Based on the above issues, this article analysis China'sdifferent region’s spillover effect of FDI, and do research on the relationship betweenthese factors and the spillover effect of FDI.
This paper adopts the method of combining theory with empirical to analysis thedifference of the spillover effects of FDI among the eastern、central、western areas inchina, and analysis how related factors influence the spillover effect of FDI? Thispaper first gives the definition to spillover effect of FDI, and how spillover effect ofFDI influence the host country, and do a theoretically elaborate about what factorsinfluence the spillover effect of FDI. Then, this paper focus more on the empiricalstudy on spillover effects of FDI’s regional differences, from the angle of staticanalysis and dynamic analysis to do empirical analysis on the difference of thespillover effects of FDI among the eastern、central、western areas in China, and howrelated factors influence the spillover effect of FDI. After the research, the paperdraws the following conclusion: it is no doubt that the FDI can pass through thepositive spillover effect to promote the growth of regional economy, there is adifference spillover effects of FDI in China among eastern、central、western areas, butthe gap is narrowing. Spillover effect of FDI in the eastern developed regions, have astable development. The center and west regions are in the situation of a rapiddevelopment. In addition, in the spillover effects of FDI’s relative factors, spillovereffect of FDI is affected by level of progress of our country economy, open degree,infrastructure construction scale, human resources, market competition, the softenvironment for investment and technology gap. Finally, this paper Give suggestionson the further development of spillover effect of FDI in our country: continue toexpand opening, accelerate the development level of local economy, pay attention to the cultural development of science and technology especially the cultivation ofhuman resources, increase the construction of infrastructure and promote thecompetition of the market.
引文
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