摘要
近些年来,“不与粮争地、不与民争粮”的木本生物柴油产业受到包括中国在内的广大发展中国家的重视。在中国,木本生物柴油产业已经呈现快速发展的态势,但是作为一个新兴产业和社会现象,仍存在一定问题与不确定性,其中资本蜂拥而入、项目一哄而上等现象较为突出,导致产业布局混乱。因此,在原料供应和生产环节研究集中以及技术储备充分的情况下,研究我国木本生物柴油产业布局问题对于整个产业的发展具有重要意义。
本研究基于可持续发展理论、区位理论、比较优势理论、增长极理论、点轴理论,以木本生物柴油产业为研究对象,通过查阅大量国内外文献,全面梳理和总结国内外木本生物柴油产业的发展概况,进而分析我国木本生物柴油产业布局现状与主要影响因素；在此基础上,利用因子分析法构建了我国木本生物柴油产业合理布局的评价指标体系,并通过专家问卷调查和层次分析法确定评价指标体系的权重,进而利用系统聚类分析方法从宏观层面分析我国木本生物柴油产业的优先布局区域和布局模式；另外,利用GIS和运输总成本相结合的方法,从微观层面分析我国木本生物柴油加工厂的厂址选择,并以四川省攀枝花市的以小桐子为原料的木本生物柴油加工厂为案例进行实证分析；最终提出我国木本生物柴油产业布局的政策建议和保障措施。
本研究主要成果体现在：(1)明确资源因素、人口和劳动力因素、需求因素、经济因素以及政策因素等是影响我国木本生物柴油产业布局的主要因素。(2)在明确构建我国木本生物柴油产业合理布局评价指标体系意义和原则的前提下,结合现有文献和专家访谈,选取相关评价指标,并利用因子分析方法,对选取的评价指标的结构进行分析,最终构建了我国木本生物柴油产业合理布局的评价指标体系。(3)利用专家问卷调研、层次分析法、数据标准化、系统聚类等方法从宏观层面将我国木本生物柴油产业的优先布局区域分为最优布局区域、适宜布局区域和不适宜布局区域三类,并提出了增长极和增长极推广两种布局模式。(4)利用GIS和运输总成本模型相结合的方法,从微观层面分析我国木本生物柴油加工厂的厂址选择；并通过案例分析得出,银江镇是攀枝花市以小桐子为原料的木本生物柴油加工厂的最优厂址。
本研究最后提出了我国木本生物柴油产业布局的政策建议与保障措施。其中国家层面的政策建议主要包括：综合考虑产业布局的影响因素,明确实施机制；根据产业不同发展阶段,合理制定布局模式。地方层面的政策建议主要包括：围绕国家总体布局战略,因地制宜制定相应规划政策；加强地方政府之间的合作与交流。我国木本生物柴油产业布局实施的保障措施主要包括：组织保障、法制保障、资金保障、技术保障等四个方面。
In recent years, woody biodiesel industry has gained the attention of a wide range of developing countries, including China. In China, this industry has developed rapidly. But as a newly born industry and social phenomenon, there are still problems and uncertainties standing out, such as much capital crashing in and many programs setting up, which cause the disorder in the industrial layout. Therefore, based on the facts that there are many researches about material supply and material production, and the technical reserve is sufficient, studying the industrial layout of woody biodiesel in China is significant to the whole industry.
Based on the theory of sustainable development, location theory, the theory of comparative advantage, growth pole theory and the pole-axis theory, this paper takes woody biodiesel industry as study object. After referring to a large number of domestic and oversea literatures, and summarizing the development of their woody biodiesel industries, the author tries to analyze the situation of the industrial layout of woody biodiesel in China and its major influence factors. On this basis, the indicator system of China's woody biodiesel industrial layout is established with the method of factor analysis. By questionnaire survey of experts and Analytic Hierarchy Process, the weight of the indicator system is determined. Afterwards, the priority regions and layout patterns of China's woody biodiesel industry are analyzed on a macroscopic scale using systematic cluster analysis.In addition, with the method combining GIS with total transportation cost, this paper analyzes the site selection of woody biodiesel factories in China on a microscopic scale, and picking Panzhihua City in Sichuan Province as an example to do empirical analysis using jatropha curcas as raw material. In the end, certain policy suggestions and supporting measures to the industrial layout of woody biodiesel in China are put forward.
Major achievements of this study are shown as follows:
a) The main factors influencing the industrial layout of woody biodiesel in China are including resource factor, population and labor force factors, demand factor, economic factor and policy factor.
b) After realizing the meanings and determining the principles of establishing the indicator system of China's woody biodiesel industrial layout, the author combines current literatures and expert interviews to select the indicators of correlation, and uses factor analysis method to analyze the chosen indicators. Eventually, the indicator system of China's woody biodiesel industrial layout is established.
c) With the approaches of questionnaire survey of experts, Analytic Hierarchy Process, data standardization and systematic cluster analysis, the priority regions of China's woody biodiesel industry are determined on a macroscopic scale and divided into there categories, including the optimal layout regions, the appropriate layout regions and the inappropriate layout regions. Meanwhile, two kinds of layout patterns are presented, which are the growth pole layout pattern and the layout pattern of growth pole promotion.
d) With the method combining GIS with total transportation cost, the site selection of woody biodiesel factories in China on a microscopic scale is analyzed. Through empirical analysis, Yinjiang Town is the best site to build woody biodiesel factory in Panzhihua City using jatropha curcas as raw material.
At last, certain policy suggestions and supporting measures to the industrial layout of woody biodiesel in China are put forward. The policy suggestions on the national level include two points-the first one is that taking the influence factors of the industrial layout into account, and determine the implementation mechanism clearly; the other is that formulating the layout patterns rationally on the basis of different development phases of the industry. The policy suggestions on the local level include two points as well, which are firstly, based on the overall state layout strategy, to set up corresponding policies according to local conditions and secondly, to enhance the cooperation and communication between local governments. The supporting measures to implement the industrial layout of woody biodiesel in China are organizational guarantee, legal system guarantee, fund guarantee and technical support.
引文
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