摘要
镍氢动力电池的研究开发一直是国际上一系列重大科技发展计划的热点之一,而电池极板制备技术及其装备的开发是制约镍氢动力电池发展的关键,针对这一关键问题,东北大学先进制造技术及自动化研究所与沈阳东鹏电池装备有限公司共同开发了镍氢动力电池正极板制备的自动化生产线,这对于提高我国整个电池行业的水平,提高其在国际市场上的竞争力是当务之急。
本文首先介绍了镍氢动力电池极板制备技术、选题背景及其国内外的发展历史和研究状况。阐述了镍氢动力电池极板制备技术及其装备的特点和应用前景。对镍氢动力电池极板制备关键技术及其装备进行了较为系统的研究,其主要研究内容与成果如下。
(1)对正极基板分类的研究表明,卷状发泡镍适合于连续自动化生产；通过扫描电镜分析,化学镀、真空溅射的发泡镍都具有光滑的表面,而采用浸渍石墨涂层发泡镍的表面很粗糙,而且有相当数量的封闭孔,这些孔对极板涂布有不利的影响。研究了发泡镍抗拉强度与其面密度的关系；通过对发泡镍的镀层厚度分布系数(TDR)的研究得知,如果TDR值大,表明发泡镍内部较脆弱。在极板卷绕时,容易断裂,在极板轧制过程中,发泡镍也容易断筋,而且还会导致电池内阻增加。
(2)通过对正极基板在预压过程中变形规律的研究表明,在三类基板中,发泡镍的延伸率最大,复合材料次之,纤维镍最小。针对动力电池极板广泛使用的发泡镍在预压过程中的受力状况和变形进行了分析,得出的结论是预压辊直径变化对正极基板延伸率的影响很小。
(3)对动力电池正极基板预留集流体焊道的各种技术进行了分析研究,探讨了高压水流冲洗与真空吸附技术清理焊道活性物质的机理。
(4)通过对正极极板涂布影响因素的分析表明,发泡镍的孔型和孔率对极板涂布的影响很小；Ni(OH)2粒度和形状对极板涂布的影响较大；浆料的黏度和流动性对极板涂布的影响很大,若浆料黏度太低或者太高,将导致极板上浆量不足。
(5)通过对正极极板的各种涂布方法的分析研究,提出了恒压力涂布与精密刮涂技术复合的工艺方法,彻底解决了极板表面浮粉问题；解决了如何检测极板涂布活性物质密度均匀性的问题。
(6)通过对正极极板在轧制过程中变形机理研究表明,轧辊直径变化对极板延伸率的影响很大；并建立了轧辊半径与极板轧制前和轧制后的厚度关系方程式；压力变化对极板延伸率的影响很小。极板的压比对其延展率的影响,二者是指数关系,一般,压比m越大,延伸率δ也越大。
(7)针对合浆工艺过程,建立了模糊控制模型,并建立了最佳转速和最佳混合搅拌时间的模糊全自动浆料混合系统的模糊控制规则；对极板涂布烘干这个非常复杂而又难以控制的过程,采用专家智能控制,并确立了极板生产过程的知识库结构；对极板轧制厚度的控制,采用了非线性神经网络控制系统。
(8)通过生产装备的实际运行证明了,镍氢动力电池正极极板制备工艺原理是正确的,设备结构合理,其性能稳定可靠。
The research and development of Nickel-hydrogen power battery has been one of the hot in a series of major international science and technology development plan. But, the research and development of Preparation of the cell plate technology and its equipment are constraining nickel-hydrogen battery developing. In response to this critical problem, the Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Northeastern University and Shenyang Institute of Automation and battery equipment of Dongpeng Ltd. jointly developed the preparation of nickel-hydrogen battery plate-automatic production line, which is a priority to improve the level of the entire battery industry and to improve its international competitiveness of the market in our country.
This paper introduces the preparation of nickel-hydrogen battery plate technology, choice of background and history of the development and the situation of research at home and abroad. And it expounds the characteristics and application prospects of Nickel-hydrogen power battery technology and its equipment, we carries out a more systematic study on the key of technologies and equipment of the nickel-hydrogen battery plate preparation. Through studying, the main conclusions are drawn as follows:
(1)It has shown through studying the class classification of cathode substrate that Volume of nickel-like foam are suitable for automated production; Chemical Plating,vacuum sputtering of nickel foam have a smooth surface through Scanning electron microscopy with analyzing. And the use of impregnated foam nickel coated graphite surface is very rough, but there is a considerable number of closed-hole, the hole on the plate coating has an adverse impact. And it studied the tensile strength of nickel foam noodle instead of the relationship between density. It has shown through studying the thickness distribution coefficient (TDR) of foam nickel coating that if the TDR value was large, the internal nickel foam was more fragile. At winding plate, it is easy to fracture in the plate rolling process, and the nickel foam can easily cut tendons, but it also cause the battery to increase resistance.
(2) It has shown through studying the process of pre-deformation in Cathode substrate by pressure that at the three types of substrate, the elongation of nickel foam was the largest, followed by composite materials, fiber nickel was minimum. Focusing on the foam nickel which was widespread used of plate against battery power in the process of preloading the force and deformation are analyzed and concluded that the pre-roll diameter change on the positive extension of the rate of substrate has little effect
(3) It has studied a variety of technology that power battery positive plate that reserve road of collector substrate solder. Discuss about weld mechanism of active substances of the high-pressure water washing and vacuum technology to clear Absorption
(4)It was shown through analyzing the impact of Cathode plate coated factors that the pass and porosity of Nickel foam was no more than a small effects on plate coating. Particle size and shape of Ni(OH)2 was more than a great effect on the plate coating. Viscosity and mobility of slurry was more than a great effect on plate coating. If the slurry viscosity is too low or too high, it will lead to inadequate sizing plate.
(5)Through analyzing and studying the variety of coating methods of Cathode plate,and proposed a method of Constant pressure and precision coating technology刮涂complex processes in order to completely resolve the problem浮粉surface plate, resolve the uniformity of density problem that how to detective electrode active substance coating.
(6)Through studying the process of Cathode plate rolling, it was set up the relationship between the thickness of the equation, which is based on the before and after of plate rolling with radius of the roller. It has shown through studying the plate deformation mechanism of Rolling. Roll diameter which is changed on the plate, has a great influence on the elongation. Stress which is changed on the plate has a little influence on the elongation. The effect of elongation which is caused by ratio of Stress, that the relationship between the two are exponent, in general, the greater of the stress of ratio m is, the greater of elongationδis.
(7) Focusing on process of slurry combined, we set up a fuzzy control model, and set up the best mixing speed and the best time of fuzzy automatic sizing of hybrid system of fuzzy control rules. Use experts in intelligent control to control the process of which is difficult and complicated in drying the coating. Adopt Intelligent Control experts, and established the production process of knowledge base plate structure; Use the nonlinear neural network control system to control the thickness of plate rolling
(8) It is proved that the theory of nickel hydrogen battery positive plate preparation process is correct. And structure is reasonable, stable and performance is reliable after the actual operation of production equipment
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