不同来源人参皂苷的比较及人参次苷H的研究
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摘要
人参皂苷是五加科人参属植物的主要活性成份,本文主要对研究较少的人参皂苷资源和次级皂苷进行了系列研究。在天然人参皂苷来源研究的基础上,合理地选择了人参次级皂苷的原料,并对人参次苷H滴丸原料的化学成分、质量控制等进行了研究,评价了不同构型的人参次级皂苷的抗肿瘤作用。
     首次采用UPLC方法同时测定园参、不同年份的林下山参中8种皂苷成分,揭示了林下山参主要皂苷类成分的变化规律。首次系统研究了人参叶、三七叶与西洋参叶中11种皂苷类成分,分析了3种不同来源皂苷异同。采用HPLC-MS-MS分析了人参次苷H滴丸原料中人参次级皂苷类的成分。通过对C57BL/6小鼠皮下接种小鼠宫颈癌U14腹水和肝癌H22腹水,建立相应荷瘤小鼠模型,评价了人参次苷H滴丸及不同构型的人参次级皂苷的抗肿瘤作用。
     林下山参中人参皂苷Rg1、Rf随生长年限变化不大,Rb1、Rc变化明显,且含量高。西洋参叶、三七叶、人参叶皂苷类成分研究结果表明,总皂苷含量:西洋参叶>人参叶>三七叶;原人参二醇型皂苷:西洋参叶>三七叶>人参叶;原人参三醇型皂苷:人参叶>西洋参叶>三七叶。因此,选择西洋参叶作为二醇组人参次级皂苷的来源。人参次苷H滴丸原料中主要成分为人参皂苷Rh2与Rh1、Rk2,通过HPLC-MS-MS分析,表明其他成分大部分为人参皂苷Rh2与Rh1的异构化产物。药理研究结果表明,对于小鼠宫颈癌U14,各给药组与模型组相比具有统计学差异,以肿瘤生长抑制率进行比较20(s)-Rh2>参一胶囊>滴丸>20(R)-Rh2> Rg3。对于小鼠肝癌H22,各给药组抑瘤均小于40%,以肿瘤生长抑制率进行比较20(s)-Rh2>20(R)-Rh2> Rg3。
     西洋参叶可以作为原二醇型皂苷的来源,而人参叶富含人参皂苷Rg1、Re是原人参三醇型皂苷的来源。林下山参的皂苷类成分积累缓慢,其化学成分有待系统的深入研究。人参次苷H滴丸原料物质基础基本为人参皂苷的降解产物,不同构型的人参次级皂苷均显示了不同程度的抗肿瘤活性,但仍有一定差异。
Panax ginsenosides are the major active components of Panax ginseng C. A.Mayer. However, there are few works on the ginsenosides resources and thesecondary ginsenosides product. In this paper, the variety and content of ginsenosidesin leaves of five kinds of ginsengs were compared and determined. For SecondaryGinsenoside H Dripping Pills, qualitative and quantitative control methods have beenresearched. The chemical components and the anti-tumor activity of differentconfiguration of secondary ginsenoside also have been analyzed.
     For the Cultivated Ginseng (CG) and the Forest-grown Wild Ginseng (FWG), thecontent of the eight ginsenosides have been determined by HPLC-UV method. Inaddition, a rapid UPLC method was successfully established and developed fordetermination of ginsenosides of CG and FWG. TLC, UV and HPLC were applied tostudy the quality control method for Secondary Ginsenoside H Dripping Pills, andHPLC-MS-MS were used for analysis of the secondary ginsenoside components.Moreover, C57BL/6colorectal adenocarcinoma-bearing mice model were establishedby inoculating H22and U14and evaluated the tumor inhibition rate of all thesamples.
     The results indicated that there is no marked relationship between the changes ofginsenosides Rg_1, Rf and the age for FWG, but the content of Rb_1and Rc havechanged significantly and higher than Rg_1and Rf. Besides, the total content of11ginsenosides from different kinds of gingseng leaves were ordered as follows:American gingseng> Panax ginseng> Panax notoginseng. The content ofprotopanaxadiol saponins (Rb_1, Rb_2, Rb_3, Rc, Rd, Rg_3, Rh_2) decreased in the order:American gingseng leaves> Panax notoginseng leaves> Panax ginseng leaves. Andthe content of protopanaxadiol saponins (R1, Rg_1, Re, Rf) ordered as follows: Panaxginseng leaves> American gingseng leaves> Panax notoginseng leaves. Based on anoverall consideration of various factors, we selected the American gingseng leaves asa primary panaxadiol saponin pretreated source.
     The HPLC-MS-MS analysis results showed that the ginsenoside Rh_2, Rh_1and Rk_2are the major active components of Ginsenoside H Dripping Pills and the otherpanaxadiol saponins are the isomerization products of ginsenoside Rh_2and Rh_1. Animal experiments showed that ginsenoside Rh_2can inhabit transplanted tumor U14in mouse significantly, and the capsules, Ginsenoside H Dripping Pills,20(R)-Rh_2andRg_3as follows. Moreover, for all the administered groups inhibited H22tumor, thetumor growth inhibition rate were no more than40%and in the order as follow:20(s)-Rh_2>20(R)-Rh_2> Rg_3.
     American ginseng and Panax notoginseng leaves are good sources ofprotopanaxadiol saponins, especially ginsenoside Rb_3and Rd. While Panax ginsengleaves are good resources of protopanaxatriol saponins, especially ginsenoside Rg_1and Re. The ginsenoside changes in FWG indicated that its accumulation undernatural condition is relatively slow. So, further work is required to research theirchemical components. Besides, degradation products of ginsenosides are the majorisomers of the secondary ginsenosides H. Furthermore, different configurations ofsecondary ginsenosides have antitumor effect but there were some differences amongthem.
引文
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