摘要
四川是我国著名的竹资源大省。近年来,竹产业在我省发展很快,已成为四川林业新兴的支柱产业,取得了良好的经济、社会和生态效益。但长期以来,对竹林生态系统的研究主要集中在竹林的培育与管理上,对竹林土壤微生物缺少系统的研究。竹林土壤微生物是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,竹林土壤微生物的数量和活性直接影响竹林生态系统的养分循环状况,对竹林土壤肥力的维持和提高具有重要的意义。本研究以毛竹、梁山慈竹和撑绿杂交竹三种四川主要经济竹种为研究对象,对其在一年四季不同时期竹林土壤微生物区系组成、微生物量、土壤微生物酶活性及群落结构等方面进行研究,结果表明：
1.三种竹林土壤微生物区系组成中,细菌最多,占土壤微生物总菌数的91.24%-92.81%,放线菌次之,为5.60%-8.05%,真菌最少,仅为0.53%-0.77%。
2.三种竹林土壤微生物三大类群均表现出了明显的季节动态变化。其中,土壤细菌数量随着时间的推移呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在夏季达到最大数量,冬季细菌数量最小；土壤真菌数量随时间的推移真菌数量先升高后降低再升高,夏季真菌数量最大,秋季最低；土壤放线菌数量随着时间的推移呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在夏季放线菌数量达到最大,冬季最小。
3.三种竹林土壤微生物量季节动态变化明显,且变化趋势一致。即土壤微生物量随着时间的推移,均呈现出先降低后升高的变化趋势,冬季土壤微生物量最高,夏季土壤微生物量最低。春、夏季土壤微生物量显著低于秋、冬季土壤微生物量(P<0.01)。
4.三种竹林土壤微生物酶活性表现了明显的季节动态变化,但变化趋势差异很大。其中,毛竹林脲酶活性随季节逐渐递减,春季脲酶活性最大,冬季脲酶活性最小；梁山慈竹林脲酶活性春季最高,但夏、秋、冬三个季节脲酶活性无明显变化；撑绿杂交竹的脲酶活性随季节先升高后降低,秋季脲酶活性最大,冬季脲酶活性最小；三种竹林土壤磷酸酶活性变化趋势相似,随季节变化先升高后降低,在夏季磷酸酶活性最大,冬季磷酸酶活性最小；三种竹林过氧化物酶均随季节变化表现出先升高后降低再升高的趋势,夏、冬两季酶活性高,春、秋两季酶活性低；过氧化氢酶则随季节变化表现出先升高后降低的趋势,夏季酶活性最高,冬季酶活性最低。
5.三种竹林土壤细菌多样性指数大小为：毛竹>撑绿杂交竹>梁山慈竹。三种竹林土壤细菌多样性指数季节动态明显,但变化趋势有差异。其中,毛竹林4个季节土壤细菌多样性指数大小为：夏季>秋季>春季>冬季；梁山慈竹林地4个季节土壤细菌多样性指数为：秋季>夏季、冬季>春季；撑绿杂交竹4个季节土壤细菌多样性指数为：夏季、冬季、秋季>春季。
Sichuan is famous for plentiful bamboo resources. bamboo industry have developed fastly In recent years and have became the pillar industry for forestry of sichuan, it reaped significant economic, social and ecological benefits. But the research on bamboo grove ecosystem focus on cultivation and management, there is few report on bamboo grove soil microorganism. bamboo grove soil microorganism is an important component of soil ecosystem, its number and activity influence nutrient cycling situation and have significant value for maintain and enhance of soil fertility of bamboo grove. This study based on moso bamboo, yangsan sinocalamus affinis and cheng-lu thehybrid bamboo, soil microflora composition, microbial biomass, enzymatic activity and community structure in different periods throughout the year were dicussed in this study, the results showed as followed:
1. For soil microflora composition of three bamboo grove, bacteria was the most and take up 91.24%-92.81% of total bactera count, actinomycetes take up 5.60%-8.05%, fungus was the least and only take up 0.53%-0.77%.
2. Three monoid of bamboo grove soil microorganism showed evident season variation. Bacteria quantities increased first and then decreased, it became the maximum in summer and minimum in winter; fungus quantities increased first, then decreased and increased last, it became the maximum in summer and minimum in autumn; actinomycetes quantities increased first and then decreased, it became the maximum in summer and minimum in winter.
3.The soil microorganism density of these three bamboo grove obviously changed by the season, and the changed trend were coincidence. The soil microorganism density first reduced and then increased, and was the highest in winter while the lowest in summer. The soil microorganism density in spring and summer were significantly reduced compared with autumn and winter(P<0.01).
4. The microorganism enzymic activity of these three bamboo grove showed a changed trend by season with a world of difference. The urease activity of moso bamboo grove gradually reduced by season, and the urease activity was the highest in spring while the lowest in winter. The urease activity of yangsan sinocalamus affinis was the highest in spring, but there were no significantly difference among summer, autumn and winter.
The urease activity of cheng-lu thehybrid bamboo was the highest in autumn and lowest in winter. The soil alkaline phosphatase activity of these three bamboo grove changed with a similar trend, fistly increased and then decreased by season, and was the highest in summer while lowest in winter. The peroxidaws activity of these three bamboo grove fistly increased and then decreased and increased again by season, the peroxidaws activity was the highest in summer and winter while lowest in spring and autumn. The hydrogen peroxidase of of these three bamboo grove fistly increased and then decreased by season, and was the highest in summer while lowest in winter.
5.The soil bacteria diversity index of these three bamboo grove:moso bamboo> cheng-lu thehybrid bamboo> yangsan sinocalamus affinis. The soil bacteria diversity index of these three bamboo grove significantly changed by season, but the changed trend were different. The soil bacteria diversity index of moso bamboo:summer> autumn> spring> winter, The soil bacteria diversity index of yangsan sinocalamus affinis:autumn> summer、winter> spring. The soil bacteria diversity index of cheng-lu thehybrid bamboosummer、winter、autumn> spring。
引文
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