摘要
城市隧道大都是在地面建筑设施密集的城区中进行的，隧道施工势必会对地面的建（构）筑物、道路、桥梁、管线等设施造成一定的损害，为了减少由于隧道施工对其造成的损害及其对周围环境造成的不良影响，我们必须对隧道开挖引起的建筑物损伤进行正确的预计。
本文主要围绕青岛市海底隧道青岛接线端和地铁隧道开挖影响下地面建筑物的损伤演化问题进行讨论。隧道沿线开挖影响范围内建筑物较多，结构形式多种多样，本文主要针对框架剪力墙结构和底框结构这两种结构形式，研究隧道施工对其产生的影响，寻找框架剪力墙结构对地表沉降作用的响应规律。通过数值模拟、物理试验和理论研究相结合的方法，分别从微观和宏观的角度来研究混凝土构件和砌体结构受载条件下（地表沉降）原生裂隙的协同演化问题。具体包括以下几个方面的研究内容：
1、针对混凝土材料的自身特点，运用协同学的处理方法研究混凝土材料在荷载作用下的力学响应，建立相应的力学模型；
2、以建立地表沉降与建筑结构裂缝特征的相互关系为目的，基于混凝土构件损伤的特性和损伤过程中涨落力的平稳性，依据朗道的相变理论，以混凝土构件裂纹的分形维数为序参量，揭示混凝土构件受载过程中的相变行为及序参量的演化规律；
3、结合青岛市海底隧道青岛接线端和青岛市地铁隧道开挖过程中，地表沉降引起部分建筑物开裂的实际工程问题，运用有限元软件ANSYS模拟了地表沉降对框架剪力墙结构的影响，得出框架剪力墙结构在地表沉降影响下建筑物自身的内力变化及分布规律；
4、结合青岛地铁3号线开挖引起建筑物开裂的工程实际，深入研究地铁隧道施工引起的地表沉降影响下底框结构的响应特征，结合相变理论，以底框结构的砌体构件裂纹的平均取向为序参量，研究了砌体结构在地表沉降附加荷载作用下的相变行为及序参量的演化规律。
City tunnel in dense urban ground buildings and facilities, tunnel construction would bebound to the ground （structure） to buildings, roads, bridges, pipelines and other facilities tocause some damage, in order to reduce the tunnel construction causeddamage and its adverseimpact on the surrounding environment, we have to building damage caused by the excavation ofthe tunnel correctly expected.
In this paper, around the Cross-Harbour Tunnel in Qingdao City, Qingdao terminal and subwaytunneling under the influence of ground-level structures damage evolution of the discussion.Along the tunnel excavation within the affected areas are more buildings, various forms ofstructure, this paper, for the two structural forms of frame shear wall structure and the bottomframe structure, tunnel construction impact, find the frame shear wall structure the response ofsurface subsidence. Through numerical simulation, the method of combining physicalexperiments and theoretical studies, respectively, from the micro and macro point of view tostudy the concrete structures and masonry structures by load conditions （surface subsidence）existing fractures co-evolution. Including the following aspects of the research:
1. A new mechanical model of concrete was put forward by means of synergeticstreatment. Comparison with other research results shows that this new mechanicalmodel can explain many phenomena of concrete under loads such as accumulativedamage and its response to sudden loads more rationally. This mechanical modeloffers a new route to study the characteristics of concrete under fatigue loads anddynamic loads.
2. In order to beam in-depth study of frame shear wall structure of the framework inthe emergence and development of the evolution of surface subsidence and blastingvibration under the influence of crack through the four-point bending concrete beamphysical experiments and numerical simulation, to explore the fractal dimension ofthe beam surface cracks load size, there is a relationship between the mechanicalproperties of the beam deflection, and other concrete structures, and reinforced concrete structures internal stress cracks caused by variation.
3. Establish the surface settlement of mutual relations for the purpose of thearchitectural characteristics of structural cracks, based on the smoothness of the forcefluctuations in the characteristics of the concrete component damage and damageprocess, based on the Landau theory of phase transitions to concrete structures thefractal dimension of the crack for the order parameter, revealing the concretestructures set out in the process of evolution of the phase transition behavior and theorder parameter;
4. Combined with Qingdao subway Line3to the excavation caused by the cracking ofthe building engineering, in-depth study of response characteristics of the surfacesubsidence of the subway tunnel construction under the bottom frame structure,combined with the theory of phase transitions, the crack in the bottom frame structureof Masonry the average orientation order parameter of the masonry structure of theevolution of the phase transition behavior and sequence parameters settlement underadditional loads on the surface.
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