资源环境约束下的中部地区县域经济发展研究
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摘要
中部地区县域经济占到中部地区经济总量的半壁江山,是中部地区经济发展的重要增长极,在中部地区经济发展中具有重要地位。
     贯彻落实国家中部崛起政策,加强新形势下中部地区县域经济发展研究,破除城乡二元结构,加快中部地区新型工业化、新型城镇化进程,巩固提升中部地区农业基础地位,保障国家粮食安全,走一条资源节约、环境友好的县域经济可持续发展之路。
     目前中部地区县域经济实力明显增强,县域工业化、城镇化、农业现代化加速发展,县域发展质量不断提高,县域结构不断优化,县域发展活力不断增加,体制机制不断创新。但中部县域经济发展存在以下问题:发展不平衡,经济结构亟待提升;县域城镇化发展滞后,“三农”问题比较突出;县域资源环境约束趋紧,要素成本不断上涨;县域扶贫开发任务艰巨,支撑体系有待健全。同时也面临一些机遇:综合国力逐步增强,中部各省经济实的提升,一系列促进县域经济发展的政策,改革开放的深入推进,国内外产业分工调整,农业基础地位的不断加强使中部县域经济发展获得了难得机遇。
     本文通过对中部地区县域经济的研究,分析中部地区县域经济发展中存在的问题和面临的机遇。研究分析在资源环境约束下以技术进步和集约特色发展为基本路径的产业结构升级的新兴工业化,将新型农业现代化与新型工业化、新型城镇化联系起来以统筹城乡发展,实现“三化”协调。实行集约节约发展,保护生态环境,走创新驱动和内涵式发展道路。在此基础上,提出了县域经济生态化发展的概念以及县域经济生态化发展模式,中部县域经济发展由传统的工业化、城镇化“两化驱动”转向工业化、城镇化、生态化“三化驱动”,并且生态化贯穿于工业化和城镇化发展的始终,实现县域经济可持续发展。
     中部县域经济在资源环境约束下发展应从以下几方面着手:
     一是以技术进步和集约特色发展为基本路径,全面推进县域产业优化升级,发挥新型工业化的主导功能,实行县域产业集中、集约、集合发展。根据本地自然资源、资本和劳动力相对份额等要素禀赋结构,发挥本地比较优势,形成特色主导产业,化解环境恶化与经济发展的矛盾。
     二是在保障农业和粮食,保护生态和环境前提下,加强县域城乡资源统筹,发挥新型城镇化的引领作用,在不占用更多空间下实现乡城转变,化解城镇发展与土地资源有限间的矛盾;通过发展集约、生态、产业化为特征的新型现代农业,解决农业和粮食安全与工业增长之间的矛盾。
     三是必须转变经济发展方式,发展环境友好型、资源节约型县域经济。探索确保耕地面积、建设用地少、利用效率高的节约集约用地发展之路,以较少的土地资源消耗来支撑保障县域经济更大规模发展,破解县域经济发展空间拓展难题。实现节能减排,淘汰落后产能,加强污染治理,保护县域自然生态环境,发展循环经济和低碳产业,走绿色发展之路。
     河南省偃师市是典型的中部县市,近年来积极转变经济发展方式、调整经济产业结构,加快推进工业化、城镇化和农业现代化建设,积极构建资源节约型、环境友好型社会,保持了经济社会又好又快发展,为中部地区县域经济发展提供鲜活的样板和有力的参考。
The central region of the county economy is responsible for almost half of all centralregion of the total economy, which is important growth pole in the central regionseconomic development, has an important position in the central regions economicdevelopment.
     Strengthen the central area county economic development research under the newsituation, carrying out policy on the rise of central China, abolishing the urban and ruraldual structure, to accelerate central region new industrialized paces, consolidatingfoundation position central region agriculture, ensuring the national food security, walkinga resource-conserving and environment-friendly county economy on the path ofsustainable development.
     At present, the central region county economic strength enhanced obviously, countyindustrialization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization accelerated development,the quality of county development enhances unceasingly, constantly optimize the structureof the county, county development vigor continue to increase, the system mechanisminnovation. But economic development of the central region exist the following problems:the county economy development is not balanced, the economic structure to ascend;County urbanization development lags behind, the problems facing agriculture, rural areasand farmers are outstanding; County resources environmental constraint tightens, elementcost rising; County poverty relief development difficult task, support system needs to beperfect. At the same time, they face some opportunities: the comprehensive national strengthenhanced gradually, the central provinces economic real ascension, a series of promote thecounty's economic development policy, promote the deepening of reform and opening up,the domestic and foreign industrial division adjustment, the position of agriculture as thefoundation to the improvement of the central county economic development to acquire theopportunity.
     By studying the central region of the county economy in this paper,we analysisexisting problems and facing opportunities of the central region of the county economy.Research on the analysis of the resources and environment constraints to the technologyprogress and intensive characteristic development as the basic path of the upgrading of theindustrial structure of the new industrialization, the new type of agricultural modernizationand new type industrialization and urbanization new scenes to balance urban and ruraldevelopment, realize "three" coordination. Implement intensive economy development,protect the ecological environment, go innovation drive and connotative development road.Based on this, puts forward the concept of ecological county economy development and ecological county economy development mode, the central county economic developmentfrom the traditional industrialization, urbanization "two change drive" to theindustrialization, the urbanization and ecological "three drivers" and ecological throughoutthe development of industrialization and urbanization always, realize sustainabledevelopment of county economy.
     The development of central region of the county economy under the restriction ofresources and environment is from the following several aspects:
     Firstly, technology progress and intensive characteristic development must be thebasic path, and comprehensively promoting the optimization and upgrading regionalindustry, and giving full play to the new industrialization dominant function. To realizeregional industry concentration, intensive, collection development. According to the localnatural resources, capital and labor relative share etc factor endowment structure, give fullplay to local comparative advantages, in the related product or industry building economicgrowth pole, form features of leading industry, dissolve the deterioration of theenvironment and economic development of the contradiction.
     Secondly,under the agricultural and food security, protect the ecological andenvironmental condition, we must strengthen the new urbanization leading role, do nottake up more space to realize the township city transformation, resolve contradictionbetween urban development and land resources, the through the development of intensive,ecological, industrialization for characteristics of the new type of modern agriculture, theagricultural and food security and to solve the contradiction between the industrial growth.To realize the harmonious workers and peasants, urban and rural coordinationdevelopment.
     Thirdly, the central region county land resources intensifies the contradictionbetween supply and demand, and protecting the ecological environment and energyconservation and emissions reduction is task. We must change the mode of economicdevelopment, the development of environment friendly, resource saving county economy.Explore to ensure that cultivated land, construction land less, using high efficiency ofeconomical and intensive land use development way, with less land resource consumptionto support the county economy more large-scale, breaking the county economydevelopment space development problem. Realization of energy saving and emissionreduction and elimination of backward production capacity, strengthen pollutionmanagement, protection county natural ecological environment, the development ofrecycling economy and low carbon industry, go green development way.
     The city of YanShi in HeNan province is a typical central counties, which transformthe mode of economic development, industrial structure adjustment of economic, speedingup the process of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society actively, and maintain the soundand rapid eco-social development, the development of central region of the countyeconomy provides fresh sample and powerful reference.
引文
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