摘要
我们从2000年开始,在湖南省益阳农科所种猪场和正虹种猪场,开展瘦肉型猪选育工作。多性状动物模型BLUP法是当今世界上最先进的育种值估计方法,本研究将多性状动物模型BLUP法应用于种猪选择,运用GBS软件进行了瘦肉型猪的场内遗传评估,对遗传评估中的主选性状的遗传评估效果进行了分析,采用基于Gibbs抽样的贝叶斯方法估计了遗传评估中主选性状的遗传参数及配子印迹效应的方差组分。得到了以下主要研究结果:
1.拟合了三个瘦肉型品种后备猪体重的Logistic和Gompertz生长曲线,拟合优度很高。根据Logistic生长曲线制定出了种猪四月龄左右测定体重校正达100kg体重日龄的校正系数,通过检验,校正的准确度较高,效果较好,可用于育种实践中。
2.经过持续五年以性能测定为依据、以遗传评估为手段的开放核心群育种,在两个种猪场都取得了明显的选育效果。2004年与2000年相比,益阳农科所种猪场杜洛克、大白后备猪达100kg体重日龄分别下降了16.37、16.42天,群体EBV分别下降了2.69和2.57天;100kg体重校正背膘厚分别下降了1.26、1.10mm,群体EBV分别下降了0.18和0.21mm;杜洛克猪父系指数提高了7.12,大白猪母系指数提高了5.74。
2004年与2000年相比,正虹种猪场杜洛克、长白、大白后备猪达100kg体重日龄分别下降了16.67、20.26和20.92天,群体EBV分别下降了2.59、2.67和3.11天;100kg体重校正背膘厚分别下降了0.72、0.84和0.26mm,群体EBV值分别下降了0.15、0.17和0.14mm;杜洛克猪父系指数提高了4.31,长白、大白猪母系指数分别提高了8.09和9.77。
母猪繁殖性能的选育效果不如后备猪生长发育性能明显,但总的趋势是逐年在提高。
这些品种及其杂种猪在肥育期间的生长速度逐年提高,料肉比逐年下降,且幅度较大,胴体瘦肉率稳定在一个较理想的水平上。种猪的体形、外貌得到明显改善,后躯及肩背丰满度提高,群体整齐度提高,大大提高了种猪质量。
3.遗传评估中主选性状的遗传参数估计结果:(1)杜洛克、长白、大白后备猪达100kg体重日龄的窝效应c~2分别为0.160、0.173和0.182,遗传力分别为0.353、0.338和0.346,为中等遗传力。(2)杜洛克、长白、大白后备猪100kg体重校正背膘厚的窝效应c~2分别为0.055、0.061和0.059,遗传力分别为0.482、0.487和0.479,为高遗传力。后备猪达100kg体重日龄的窝效应大于背膘厚的窝效应。(3)杜洛克、长白、大白后备猪达100kg体重日龄与100kg体重校正背膘厚的遗传相关系数分别为-0.259、
Lean type swine breeding has been done in Hunan Yiyang Swine Breeding Farm and Zhenghong Swine Breeding Farm by us since 2000. Multi-trait animal model BLUP is now the best method of estimating breeding value. We use this method in selecting breeding pigs. On-farm genetic evaluation of lean type swine was carried out in the two breeding farms by using GBS software. In this study, the effects of major traits in genetic evaluation are analysed. Genetic parameters and variance components of gametic imprinting effects are estimated for major traits by using Bayesian method based on Gibbs sampling.The main results of this study are as below:1. The growth curves of replacement pigs in Duroc, Landrace and Large White swine are fitted by the equations of Logistic and Gompertz. The goodness(R~2) is great. The adjusted coefficients from pig weights at about the fourth month to age at 100kg are worked out through Logistic equation. These coefficients are precise and can be used in adjustment.2. After five years' selection which is based on performance test and genetic evaluation, the performances of pig improved fast. In Yiyang Swine Breeding Farm, age at 100kg of replacement pig in Duroc and Large White dropped 16.37 and 16.42 days respectively, population EBV dropped 2.69 and 2.57 days respectively. Backfat thickness at 100kg of replacement pig in Duroc and Large White dropped 1.26 and 1.10mm respectively, population EBV dropped 0.18 and 0.21mm respectively. Paternal index in Duroc raised 7. 12 and maternal index in Large White raised 5.74 from 2000 to 2004.In Zhenghong Swine Breeding Farm, age at 100kg of replacement pig in Duroc, Landrace and Large White dropped 16.67, 20.26 and 20.92 days respectively, population EBV dropped 2.59, 2.67 and 3.11 days respectively. Backfat thickness at 100kg of replacement pig in Duroc, Landrace and Large White dropped 0.72, 0.84 and 0.26mm respectively, population EBV dropped 0.15, 0.17 and 0.14mm respectively. Paternal index in Duroc raised 4.31 , maternal index in Landrace and Large White raised 8.09 and 9.77 respectively from 2000 to 2004.Reproductive performances of sow in these two swine breeding farms
increased from 2000 to 2004, but the rates are slower than that of growth traits of replacement pig.During fattening period, the growth rate and feed conversion of Duroc, Landrace, Large White and their crosses increased fast, lean percentage of carcass is in a good condition. Body conformation, population tidiness and quality of breeding swine are improved.3. The results of estimating genetic parameters for major traits are as below: (1) litter effect(c2) of age at 100kg in Duroc, Landrace and Large White are 0. 160, 0. 173 and 0. 182 respectively, while \\ are 0. 353, 0. 338 and 0. 346 respectively.(2) litter effect (cz) of backfat thickness at 100kg in Duroc, Landrace and Large White are 0.055, 0.061 and 0.059 respectively, while \\ are 0.482, 0.487 and 0.479 respectively, c" of age at 100kg is bigger than c" of backfat thickness at 100kg. (3) Genetic correlation between age at 100kg and backfat thickness in Duroc, Landrace and Large White are -0. 259, -0. 233 and -0. 249 respectively. (4) h2 of total litter size in Duroc, Landrace and Large White are 0. 108,0. 123 and 0. 119 respectively.4. The results of estimating variance components of gametic imprinting: (1) For age at 100kg, estimates of the proportion of total variance accounted for by paternally transmitted gametes are 2. 3%, 2. 7% and 2. 8% in Duroc, Landrace and Large White swine respectively. Corresponding results for maternally transmitted gametes are 4.0%, 4.4% and 4.1%. The expression of imprinting effects in these three breeds is almost the same, but variance components of maternal game tic effects are bigger than that of paternal gametic effects.(2) For backfat thickness at 100kg, estimates of the proportion of total variance accounted for by paternally transmitted gametes are 5.9%, 5.5% and 5. 6% in Duroc, Landrace and Large White swine respectively. Corresponding results for maternally transmitted gametes are 3. 1%, 2. 0% and 2. 5%. Variance components of paternal gametic effects are bigger than that of maternal gametic effects.(3) For total litter size of sow, estimates of the proportion of total
variance accounted for by paternally transmitted gametes are 1.0%, 0.7% and 0.9% in Duroc, Landrace and Large White swine respectively. Corresponding results for maternally transmitted gametes are 2. 1%N 1.7% fP 1.8%. Variance components of maternal gametic effects are nearly twice than that of paternal gametic effects.
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