摘要
本实验在新乡县宏德种畜繁育中心、河南杜泊实业有限公司、河南省种羊中心等几个大型小尾寒羊养殖场展开,通过选择的健康经产母羊进行两次PG同期发情处理,并在用药后第3天开始进行B超检测。通过连续观察其卵巢、卵泡及子宫发育情况,利用超声采集系统保存典型声像图。待确定其排卵时间后,及时采用人工授精的方法进行配种。配种后18天开始对实验母羊进行B超早孕诊断及胎数鉴定,并将典型声像图进行保存、归纳和整理。对确定不能正常繁育的个体仍继续进行生殖系统B超监测,采集典型病例B超影像图。对所有试验羊进行活体眼肌面积测定及影像图采集。
通过对所获得母羊繁育各个阶段和繁殖疾病的典型声像图的处理和系统分析,进一步确定了卵巢子宫在直肠内B超探查的解剖定位和探查技术,以及卵巢子宫在不同时期和不同条件下的B超监测技术。未孕母羊和妊娠25天以内的母羊,子宫位于盆腔内,子宫体在膀胱上方中央,两子宫角垂向膀胱两侧前下方。在小尾寒羊妊娠23天可在子宫区域内找到早期孕囊影像及孕囊内的胎体反射,妊娠40天孕囊内胎体反射明显增强,第55天胎体骨骼开始出现较强回声并且可以检测到胎儿心跳。妊娠75天及以后可以探测出明显的胎盘影像。在子宫区域中找到左右卵巢的切面图,在卵巢切面上找到圆形的液性暗区即为卵泡,卵泡直径大于8mm时就可认为即将发情。由于卵巢体积不大且位置较靠近直肠,所以采用线阵探头直肠法在膀胱前方两侧探查卵巢最为方便,且图像清晰易于观察。探查时以膀胱为基准先找到子宫区域,然后确定卵巢位置进行全面细致的观察。重点应观察卵巢的大小、卵泡的大小、卵泡的数目,子宫发育的程度、子宫的大小及是否有异常表现等。将两侧的子宫角进行对比,即可判断排卵侧子宫角。本实验还获得了胚胎发育各时期的B超监测技术参数和确定胎数、胎龄和胎儿活力的B超鉴定技术。另外还总结出了活体眼肌面积的测定方法。
研究课题通过监测小尾寒羊卵泡发育及排卵时间,为准确配种提供了科学的依据;利用超声诊断技术准确做出早孕诊断,可以减少空怀,降低饲养成本;通过胎儿数目及活力监测,绵羊妊娠毒血症、死胎、流产等繁育疾病的发生可以得到较好的预防;而小尾寒羊生殖系统疾病监测诊断则可以提高其繁殖率;活体眼肌面积的测定技术又能间接提供产肉性能数据,为选种选配提供参考依据。
综上所述,超声成像技术在小尾寒羊繁育中的应用具有重要意义,值得应用推广。
In this experiment,a group of little tailed Han sheep that came from Hongde breeding stock farm in Xinxiang, Henan Dubo Industrial Co., Ltd, Henan breeding sheep center and other little tailed Han sheep farm have been chosen and treated for synchronization of estrus for twice. Three days later,B-mode ultrasound has been used to detect these sheep once a day. Through continuous observation of the developmental capacity of the ovaries and ovarian follicles, the typical sonogram was reserved. As soon as the breeding moment can be sure, artificial fertilization will be done. The B-mode ultrasonograph was used to detect the number of these female sheep fetuses through the diagnosis of early pregnant from 18th day. Then the typical sonogram was reserved,induced and sorted. The ones that can’t breed as normal were kept monitoring their reproductive system and the typical shadowgraphs of cases were collected. On the other hand, we detected the eye muscle area of living body for all of little tailed Han sheep in this experiment and collected the shadowgraph.
Through the treatment and systematic analysis about the typical shadowgraph and diseases on breeding system of these little tailed Han sheep’s every stage during pregnant, the anatomical location of the ovaries and the uterus of the body for the exploration with B-mode ultrasonograph and the exploratory technology have been ensured,as well as the exploratory technology with B-mode ultrasonograph intrarectal to the ovary and uterus during every stage and in every circumstance. The uterus of the unpregnancy female sheep and that pregnancy within 25 days lie in pelvis cavity,the uterus body on the anodic of bladder,but two horns of uterus lie ahead of bladder and within in two sides of uterus. On the 23rd day,the early image of the fetal cyst and the conceptus reaction in the cysts can be detected in the area of uterus of little tailed Han sheep,then the image of the conceptus reaction become more obvous while pregnancy for 40 days. On the 55th day, the skeleton of the conceptus can feedback dense echo and fetus palmus can be detected. After the 75th day pregrancy, the clear image of the placenta can be acquired by B-mode ultrasonograph. First of all,the image of the section of the two ovaries should be found in the area of uterus,some round aqueous round dark in this area is the section of the ovarian follicle,if the diameter is greater than 8 mm,the female is in the uterus period. Since the ovarian volume is not too big and ovary is near rectum, the matrix probe method was used to detect ovary from two sides ahead of bladder conveniently. The graphs were distinct and convenient to observe. Based on the bladder, the location of uterus can be found firstly, then ovary can be located and observed comprehensively. The emphasis was to observe the size and number of the ovary, ovarian follicle,the developmental degree and the size of the uterus and whether it were normal and so on. After comparison of bilateral horn of uterus,we would get which horn was in ovulation period. Further,the technical parameter about B-mode ultrasonograph in every stages of the pregnancy and the definition technique of fetal number,fetal age and fetal vitality have been gained from this experiment. The detection of eye muscle area of living body was summarized.
Through detecting follicular development and the time of ovulation,exact breeding can be done. The utilization of B-mode ultrasonograph can detect early pregnancy, decrease nonpregnant and reduce the cost of breeding. After monitoring the number and the vigor of the uterus,some disease about pregnant toxemia of sheep,fetal death,abortion and so on can be prevented; the reproduction rate of little tailed Han sheep can be elevated through the survey of disease on reproductive system. On the other hand,ultrasonic imaging technology has momentous sense on the application of the little tailed Han sheep breeding.
In summary of the above, the ultrasonograph technology has significant sense on little tailed Han sheep breeding and was worth popularization and application.
引文
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