摘要
本文以典型瘦肉型猪种杜洛克、长白和大约克为研究对象，进行了早期和全期性能测定(30-100kg)，早期测定数据每隔两天采集一次，获得了较为全面的连续测定数据。共采集湖北省五个种猪场三个品种678头的测定数据，其中具备二万余条早期测定信息。本文应用多种非线性模型，如Logistic、Gompertz、Saturation、二次型(Quadratic)及多项式(Polynomial)等，对早期日龄与体重、体重与背膘的发育规律进行了多种方式的回归分析，探索描述早期生长性状的最适回归方程，制定了三个品种达50kg体重日龄与背膘的校正公式，具有一定生物学意义和代表性。
以SAS软件为主要工具对测定数据进行了统计分析，结果表明：Logistic、Gompertz和Saturation方程较适合日龄与体重关系的回归分析，不适合体重与背膘的回归分析。在三个品种不同性别的回归拟合过程中，相关指数平均0.9以上，达到极显著(P＜0.01)，Gompertz方程较Logistic方程更具生物学意义，表现出三个品种生长发育的差异，其中以长白猪生长拐点最早，大约克猪最晚，说明大约克猪生长潜力大于长白猪，性成熟较晚。Saturation方程和线性回归方程更适合体重与背膘关系研究，相关指数和决定系数较高，回归方程极显著，且Saturation方程的拟合曲线近似直线，在体重具有生长极限的前提下具有预测背膘厚度的生物学意义，但相比而言，直线回归更具制定校正公式优势。
率先应用饱和生长模型Saturation方程进行猪生长发育规律的研究，回归效果良好，拟合度高，变量t因无高次型或非线性函数的变化，具有制定校正公式的优势，结果表明，以此方程建立的50kg日龄校正公式具有明确的生物学意义和准确性。本文能以连续测定数据为基础，建立各品种不同性别的早期校正公式通式，对体重在40-60kg的种猪具有连续校正和预测的功能，达到国外同类校正公式的作用。其中背膘校正公式制定为两种形式，都具备其生物学意义，经验证准确性完全相同。通过对早期性状校正值与全期性状校正值的简单相关分析(CORR)和典型相关分析(CANCORR)，结果显示相关系数达到极显著(P＜0.01)，说明校正公式是适合的，同时也说明早期测定技术方案的准确性与可行性。综合指数的Spearman秩相关分析达到极显著，说明种猪排序虽有差异，但在一定选择强度下具有很高的一致性，对指导场内选育具有潜在的应用价值。
本课题符合我国种猪业发展的需要，旨在为瘦肉型猪早期生长性状的测定与遗传评估做些基础性工作，希望种猪的早期测定与遗传评估能在一定范围应用，与目前核心群测定相结合，为探索我国种猪早期遗传评估作出应有的贡献。
This text used the typical lean meat pig Duroc, Landrace and Large white as the research objects, carried on the performance testing at early days and whole period(30-100 kg), the early testing data is collected once for every two days, which was overall continuous data. The collected data came from five farms of breeding swine in Hubei province, which contained 678 pigs data and had more than 20,000 testing information about earlier period. This text applies variety no linear model, such as the Logistic, Gompertz, Saturation, Quadratic and Polynomial etc., to take the various ways regress analysis for growth rules of early age and weight, weight and back fat. The author had draw up the revised expressions of 50 kg weight age and back fat for the three breeds, which has its biology meaning and representation, and had investigated the most suitable regress equation to describe the early growth traits.
Took SAS software as the main tool to calculate and analyse the testing data. The results indicated: Logistic, Gompertz and the Saturation is more suitable for regress analysis of the relation about age and weight, isn't suitable for weight and back fat. In the three breeds with different sex, all correlation indexes values excessed 0.9 average, and attained the extreme difference(P＜0.01), the Gompertz equation has biology meaning more than the Logistic equation, the results expressed that growth rule in three breeds is different. The growth curve inflexion of Landrace is the most smallest, and large white is the biggest in the three breeds. It elucidates that the large white has good potential growth and It's maturity stage is later compared with the Landrace. The Saturation equation and line equation are more suitable to research the back fat with weight, all correlation indexes values and decision coefficient are very high, and all regress equations attained the extreme difference(P＜0.01), on the other hand the fitting regress curve of all breeds looks like a straight line on weight and back fat. The equation has biology meaning to predict the thickness of back fat in a premise where the weigh of pig has a extreme. Furthermore, straight line has the more advantage to establish revised expressions compared with the Saturation equation.
The text took the lead in applying Saturation growth model to carry on the research of the pig growth regulation, and the regress effect is good, the goodness was great. Because of the t variable has no Polynomial or no linear switch, so that the saturation equation has the advantage to establish revised expressions. The result indicated that the revised expressions for age in 50 kg standard weight has explicit biology meaning and accuracy by establish with the Saturation. This text would like to take continuous testing data as foundation, and established the commonly revised expressions for early growth traits, which are suitable for different sex and breeds. These expressions have function to correct and predict for continuous testing data of pigs at 40-60 kg weight, and have the same function with those overseas. This test has established two kinds of expressions of back fat, which have its biology meaning, the accuracy is completely same by experience certificate. Get across the simple correlation analysis(CORR) and canonical correlation analysis(CANCORR), using the early adjusted value and whole period adjusted value, the all results reached the extreme difference (P＜0.01). It proved the expressions are suitable, and the early testing technology is accuracy and feasible. Additional, the Spearman's rank correlation reached the extreme difference (P＜0.01) for total selection index. It shows, although the order are different, that they have very high consistency at certain choice strength and have the field and latent applied value to instruct selection in farm.
The initial research of this thesis matches the demand of the development of breeding swine industry. The author would like do some foundational work for early growth traits testing and genetic evaluation of lean meat breeding swine. The author hope that the early growth traits and genetic evaluation can be used at certain scope, and make the contribution to investigate our country early genetic evaluation of breeding swine by combining with nucleus herd testing currently in the future.
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