摘要
桥梁是交通运输的枢纽,一旦遭受地震破坏,会给地震应急和震后恢复工作带来极大的困难。基于性能的结构抗震设计是抗震设计理念上的一次变革,是21世纪工程发展的潮流。其中静力弹塑性pushover分析方法以其实用性较强等优点正受到越来越多的关注,且已被列入我国现行《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011—2001)之中。
本文对Pushover分析方法的基本原理、分析步骤以及最新研究进展作了系统论述,并将该方法应用于桥梁结构的抗震性能评价。基于我国《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011—2001)弹性反应谱,利用Vidic提出的折减系数,建立了不同场地的地震需求谱。该地震需求谱具有过原点的射线与不同位移延性系数的需求谱曲线相交,各个交点对应的周期都相同的特点,从而为在结构基于位移抗震设计方法中实现“小震不坏、中震可修和大震不倒”的多级性能目标提供了方便。
从材料、构件和结构三个层次上,对结构的地震损伤模型进行了研究;论述了结构震害等级与损伤指数的对应关系,并参照建筑结构,给出了桥梁震害等级与损伤指数的关系。
提出一种基于位移的桥墩抗震设计及抗震能力评估方法,论述了该方法的基本原理、抗震性能参数和地震损伤模型的选择,给出了基于位移的桥墩抗震设计及抗震能力评估方法具体实施步骤。
Bridges hold the key positions in the communication and transportation system. Once they are destroyed in earthquakes, there will be great difficulties for the emergency managements and bridges restoration. Performance-based seismic design is a revolution of the seismic design concept and is the development trend of project in the 21st century. Static elastic-plastic pushover analysis with the virtue of being practical attracts more and more attention, and is incorporated into Code for seismic design of buildings(GB50011—2001).
The basic theories,steps of analysis and the recent achievements about pushover analytical method are discussed and the method is applied to evaluate seismic resistance capacity of bridges structure in this paper. The inelastic response demand spectrum of four site condition is gotten by employed Vidic's strength reduction factors method based on response spectrum of Code for seismic design of buildings(GB50011—2001). it has the advantage of that structural periods represented by radial lines intersecting demand spectra with different ductility factors are all the same. The multiple performance objectives are usually expressed as that designed structures can resist against minor earthquake without any damage, resist against moderate earthquake with repairable structural damage and resist against strong earthquake without collapse.
Seismic damage models are studied from both material lever, member level and system level. The relationship is recommended between the damage index and the seismic damage grades of the structure for bridges.
A method of Didplacement-based seicmic design and evaluation of seismic capacity is developed for bridge piers. The basic principle of this method and the selection of the seismic performance parameter and the seismic damage model are researched, and the procedure for applying this method is provided.
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