摘要
数字波束形成是阵列天线与数字信号处理技术相结合的产物,能有效的解决天线增益与覆盖范围之间的矛盾,是未来遥测接收天线技术的一个重要发展趋势。通过对各种数字波束形成算法的分析并结合再入遥测的特点,确定了切换波束和基于DOA的自适应波束两种技术方案。论文的主要工作可概括如下:
1.分析了存在阵列误差时MVDR波束形成的性能,提出了一种鲁棒的多级维纳滤波算法,使波束形成的计算量大大降低,对导向矢量失配和多级维纳滤波截断级数的选择也有很好的鲁棒性。
2.对阵列天线单脉冲系统,提出了一种约束自适应和差波束形成算法,能够控制单脉冲比曲线的畸变程度,提高单脉冲系统的抗干扰性能,而且通过降秩处理有效的降低了自适应波束形成的计算量。
3.分析了残余误差对波束形成性能的影响,将残余误差与各组件的技术指标相关联,为阵列设计的误差容限预算提供了理论依据。
4.完成了数字波束形成实验系统的设计,对阵列天线及射频前端的相关技术指标进行了测试,并对阵列误差校正、DOA估计及单脉冲跟踪算法进行了实验验证。
Digital beamforming is the product of combination of array antenna and digital signal processing technologies, it is a good solution to the conflict between antenna gain and coverage, and it is an important development trend of the future telemetry antenna technology. According to the performance of various digital beamforming algorithms and the characteristic of reentry telemetry, two shechems are proposed: switched beam system and DOA based adaptive beam system. The main work of the dissertation can be summaried as follows:
1. The performance of MVDR beamforming with array errors is analyzed. A robust multistage wiener filter algorithm is proposed, which has low computation complexity and good robustness against steering vector mismatch and the number of truncating stages of multistage wiener filter.
2. A constrained adaptive algorithm is developed for sum and difference beamforming. It is implemented in a general sidelobe canceller structure, a reduced-rank blocking matrix is adopted to reduce computation complexity, and an additional constraint condition is employed to control the distortion of monopulse ratio curve.
3. All kinds of array errors are analyzed, mathematical models are established, and corresponding calibration methods are discussed. The influences of residual errors on beamforming performance are also analyzed, which can be used to aid in establishing torlerance budget for practical array design.
4. Digital beamforming experimental system is designed, array antennas and RF front-end are tested,and array calibration、DOA estimation and monopulse tracking algorithms are experimentally verified.
引文
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