基于神经网络的水泥分解炉温度控制
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摘要
随着水泥装备向大型化发展的需要,以预分解技术改进传统的水泥生产方式是当前我国水泥工业的发展方向。分解炉是预分解系统的核心部分,它承担了预分解窑系统中煤粉燃烧、气固换热和碳酸盐分解任务。碳酸盐的有效分解是制约水泥质量的重要因素,而它的有效分解需要一个相对稳定的温度,因此分解炉的温度控制对整个预分解系统的热力分布、热工制度的稳定至关重要。
    本文在目前国内外水泥分解炉温度控制技术研究现状的基础上,首先分析了DD分解炉的结构及双重燃烧和脱硝的过程,根据从反应动力学出发所建立的煤粉燃烧和碳酸盐分解的动力学模型,确定了影响分解炉温度变化的主要因素是三次风量、煤粉流量和生料流量的波动。并定性地研究了这些影响因素与分解炉温度之间的关系。其次,利用正交设计的方法,确定了三次风量、煤粉量和生料量对分解炉出口气体温度的影响程度。并根据最小二乘法原理和回归分析原理,建立了分解炉温度控制的数学模型。又根据分解炉温度控制系统的实际生产情况,确定了流量配比、阀门开度与分解炉温度之间的关系,并将煤粉细度、生料细度等因素考虑进去,得到了推广形式的数学模型。再次,根据所建立的数学模型,设计了以工控机为核心的水泥分解炉温度控制系统,实现了喂煤、送风的预测控制。最后,利用BP神经网络作为控制算法,解决了分解炉温度的控制问题。并对BP网络本身具有的缺点进行了改进,从而提高了炉温控制的速度和精度。从控制系统的观点来看,BP网络缺乏系统的动态性能,因此,有必要对具有动态性能的具有代表性的Hopfield神经网络进行研究,使其应用于分解炉温度控制系统之中。又由于神经网络在硬件实现时存在时滞现象,进而导致系统失稳,因此为了保障系统硬件实现时的可靠性,需要对具有时滞的神经网络的稳定性进行研究。为此本文应用Lyapunov泛函方法和不等式技巧研究了Hopfield神经网络的全局渐近稳定性。通过计算机仿真实验进一步验证了结论的正确性。
With the development of large-sized cement equipment, that the conventional cement methods of production was improved by predecomposing technology is development direction of cement industry in our country. Decomposing furnace is core of predecomosing system, which undertakes combustion of coal, heat exchanging of gas-solid and decomposed of carbonate. Whether the carbonate is decomposed effectively or not is an important factor of cement quality. Because the carbonate need a stable temperature to decompose effectively, to control the temperature of decomposing furnace is very important for thermal distribution and thermal regulation of whole new dry-process predecomposing system.In this paper, in the first place, based on the thorough research of technique of controlling the temperature of cement decomposing furnace, the structure of DD decomposing furnace and process of double combustion and removal nitrate is studied. According to model of combustion dynamics of combustion of coal and decomposing of carbonate established on the kinetics of reaction, the principal factors that affect the temperature of decomposing furnace are determined. And the factors are fluctuation of quantity of teriary air, coal and raw material. The relationship of factors with temperature of decomposing furnace is studied qualitatively. In the second place, according to method of orthogonal designing, degree of temperature of decomposing furnace affected by factors is settled. By making use of principle of least square solution and regression analysis, mathematical model of temperature of decomposing furnace is created. And according to practical condition of control system of temperature of decomposing furnace, the relationship of specific flux, valve opening and temperature of decomposing furnace is defined. And an extended mathematical model is obtained, which is relevant to fineness of coal and raw material and so on. In the third place, in response to mathematical models, control system of temperature of decomposing furnace is designed, of which the computer is core. In the last place, a control algorithm of decomposing furnace is obtained, which makes use of BP neural network. And shortcoming of BP neural network is improved. The hardware of eural network has the time-delay phenomenon, and this phenomenon will lead the system instability. So we studied the exponent stability and robust stability of the neural network with time-delay to ensure the reliability when we realize the system. We also designed simulation experiment through which we have tested the effectiveness of the results gained in this paper.
引文
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